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AMERICAN EXPRESS COMPANY, 

Main Office, Branch Offices, 

2U Washington St. BOSTON. or Devonshire st., 



34 ALBANY ST, 



Capital^ $18^000^000, 



.5- 






> \^-^ 

Having over Three Thousand Offices m Massachusetts, Vermont, 
New Hampshire) New York, PennsylTania, Ohio, Indiana, Kentucky. 
Illinois, Wisconsin, Minnesota, lo-wa, Missouri, Kansas, Nebraska, Dakota, 
and in the ProTince of Ontario. 

Also connect with reliable Expresses for all points in SOUTHERN STATES AND THE TERRI- 
TORIES. 

AGENTS FOR WEI.LS, FARGO, & CO.'S CAI.IFORNIA AND 
EUROPEAN EXPRESS COMPANY. 

Particular attention given to the forwarding of Money and Valuables, 
Collection of Notes, Bills, Drafts, etc. 

Rates as low as by any responsible Express Company. 

JAS. EGGIESTON, Div'n Sup't. 



IMPOBTANT ANNOITNCEMENT. 



TO THE SHIPPING PUBLIC! 

The New York & Boston Despatch Express Co. 

desire to remind their Patrons that they are an Independent Opposition Express Company, having no 
entangling alliances or combinations with other Companies. That the influence which this Company 
has exerted for liOW RATES has been advantageous to the public, is made manifest by the 
expressions of satisfaction from those who are now its patrons. 

Our TariCr has been based upon as low a rate as will insure a fair profit. We do not intend to 
offer non-paying rates, believing that the merchants are willing to sustain an opposition Company at 
fair and equitable prices. 

Principal Office, 222 Deyonshire St., Boston. 

NEW YORK...... 33 Worth St. 

PHILADELPHIA, 6'^4 Chestnut St. CPhlla. & Reading Ex.) 

NEW HAVEN, CT., 71 Church &, 4'-J Center Sts. 

HARTFORD, CT., 280 Main St. 

FALL RIVER, MASS., 17 No. Main St. 

NEWPORT, R. I., 109 Thames St. 

DIRECTORS. 

HENRY C. SHERBURNE, B. F. LARRABEE, 

EDWARD A. TAFT, WILLIAM BUTTERFIELD, 

THEO. L PAGE. 

HENRY 0. SHEEBUENE, President. EDWARD A. TAFT. Treag. 



AMERrCAN EXPRES51 nnMPi&NY 





jylA^ Op 



1878 



HELIOTYPE- 




H 



15 




OSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



I. A GLANCE AT ITS HISTORY, 

BOSTON was originally "by the Indians called Shawmutt," 
but the colonists of 1630, wandering southward from their land- 
ing-place at Salem, named it Trimountaine. Charlestown, which 
was occupied by them in July, 1630, was speedily abandoned because 
there was found no good spring of water, and the peninsula close 
by having been bought of its sole inhabitant, the settlement was 
transferred thither on the 7th of September, 0. S. (17th N. S.). 
On the same day the court held at Charlestown ordered that Trimountaine be called 
Boston. This name was given to it in memory of Boston in Old England, from 
which many of the colonists had emigrated, and which was the former home of 
Mr. Isaac Johnson, next to Governor Winthrop the most important man among 
the band of emigrants. The name of Trimountaine, which has been transformed 
into Tremont, was peculiarly appropriate. As seen from Charlestown, the peninsula 
seemed to consist of three high hills, -^ 

afterwards named Copp's, Beacon, and ^^ 

Fort. And the highest of the three was -^^--^ 

itself a trimountain, having three sharp ^^^I_, 

little peaks. It seems to be agreed that 
this peculiarity of Beacon Hill was what 
gave to the place its ancient name. 

The first settler in Boston was Mr. 
William Blaxton, or Blackstone, who 
had lived here several years when the 
Massachusetts Colony was formed. Soon 
after selling the land to the new company 
of immigrants, he withdrew to the place "^- ^lackstone's house. 

which now bears his name, the town of Blackstone, on the border of Rhode Island. 




Copyright 1872 and 1875, by James R. Osgood & Co., and 1878, by Houghton, Osgood & Co. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Boston was selected as the centre and metropolis of the Massachusetts Colony, 
The nucleus of the Colony was large, and the several towns lying along the coast 
were, considering the circumstances, rapidly settled. During the year 1630 as many 
as fifteen hundred persons came from England. In ten years not less than twen- 
ty thousand had 
been brought 
over. The records 
show that in 1639 
there was a mus- 
ter in Boston of 
the militia of the 
Colony to the num- 
ber of a thousand 
able - bodied and 
well-armed men. ^ 
It is impossible to 
learn accurately 
the population of 
Boston at any time 
during the first 
century after its 
settlement, since 
no enumeration 
was made ; but 
there is authority 
for the statement 
that in 1674 there 
were about fifteen 
hundred families 
in the town, and 
the population of 
New England was 
then reckoned at 
one hundred and 
twenty thousand. 
The early histo- 
ry of Boston has 
been an almost in- 
exhaustible field 
for the researches 
of local antiqua- 
ries. Considering that almost three quarters of a century elapsed before the first 
newspaper was printed, the materials for making a complete account of the events 
that occurred, and for forming a correct estimate of the habits and mode of life 
of the people, are remarkably abundant. The records have been searched to good 
purpose. Still it is to visitors that we are indebted for some of the most quaint 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 3 

and interesting pictures of early New England life. An English traveller, named 
Edward Ward, published in London in 1699 an account of his trip to New 
England, in which he describes the customs of Bostonians in a lively manner, and 
perhaps with a degree of truthfulness, though some parts of the story are evidently 
exaggerated Mr. AVard thought it a gi-eat hardship tliat "Kissing a Woman in 
Public, tho' offer'd as a Courteous Salutation," should be visited with the heavy 
punishment of whipping for both the offenders. There were e\ien then " stately 
Edifices, some of which have cost the owners two or three Thousand Pounds sterling," 
and this fact Mr. Ward rather illogically conceived to prove the truth of two old 
adages, "That a Fool and his Money is soon parted ; and, Set a Beggar on Horseback 
he '11 ride to the Devil ; for the Fathers of these Men were Tinkers and Peddlers." He 
seemed to have a very low opinion of the religious and moral character of the people. 
Mr, Daniel Neal, who wrote a book a few years later, found " the conversation in this 
town as polite as in most of the cities and towns in England," and he describes the 
houses, furniture, tables, and dress as being quite as splendid and showy as those of 
the most considerable tradesmen in London. 

But while we find such abundant means of judging the people of Boston, hardly a 
vestige of the town as it appeared to the earliest settlers remains. We have, it is 
true, in a good state of preservation still, the three most ancient burial-grounds of 
the town ; half a dozen very old trees remain ; about as many buildings. Some of the 
narrow and crooked streets at the North End have retained their early devious course, 
but generally appear upon the map under changed names. Nothing else of Boston 
in its first century is preserved. The face of the country has been completely trans- 
formed. The hills have been cut down, and the flats surrounding the peninsula have 
been filled so that it is a peninsula no longer. Place side by side a map of Boston 
as it appeared in 1722, and the latest map, and any resemblance between them can 
hardly be traced. The old water line has disappeared completely. On the east, the 
west, and the south, nearly a thousand acres once covered by the tide have been re- 
claimed, and are now covered with streets, dwellings, and warehouses. 

It would be interesting to dwell upon the early history of Boston, and to discover 
indications of the gradual formation of the New England character, but all this 
curious study must be left to the historian. A few facts and dates only can find a 
place here. Boston was from the first a commercial town. Less than a year had 
elapsed since the settlement of the town when the first vessel built in the colony was 
launched. We may infer something in regard to the activity of the foreign and 
coasting trade from the statement of Mr. Neal, before referred to, that "the masts 
of ships here, and at proper seasons of the year, make a kind of wood of trees like 
that we see upon the river of Thames about JFappiiig and Limehouse'' ; and the same 
author says that twenty-four thousand tons of shipping were at that time, 1719, 
cleared annually from the port of Boston. It was not until four years after the 
settlement of the town that a shop was erected separate from the dwelling of the 
proprietor. In these early days the merchants of Boston met with many reverses, 
and wealth was acquired but slowly in New England generally. Nevertheless, the 
town was on the whole prosperous. In 1741 there were forty vessels upon the stocks 
at one time in Boston, showing that a quick demand for shipping existed at that 
period. At the close of the seventeenth century, Boston was probably the largest 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




FIRST CHLRCH IN BUS I UN. 



and wealthiest town in America, and it has ever since retained its rank among the 
very first towns on the continent. 

The colonists brought their minister with them, — the Rev, John Wilson, who 
Was ordained pastor of the church in Charlestown, and afterwards of the church in 
—- ~ =^"~- _ ^ Boston. But the meeting-house was not 

^ built until 1632. This building was 
~~ very small and very plain, within and 

without. It is believed to have stood 
nearly on the spot where Brazer's Build- 
ing now stands, near the Old State 
House, in State Street. In 1640 the 
same society occupied a new, much larger 
and finer building, which stood on the 
site now occupied by Joy's Building on 
Washington Street. This second edifice 
stood seventy-one years, and was destroyed by fire in 1711. The "First 
Church" removed a few years ago from Chauncy Street to its present very elegant 
church building on Berkeley Street. Several other churches were established very 
soon after the "First," and there are now in existence as many as nine church 
organizations dating back to the first hundred years after the ])laee was settled. The 
fathers of the town were sternly religious, 
outwardly at all events. The evidences die 
abundant that they were also zealous for 
education. The influence of Harvard Col- 
lege, in Cambridge, was strong upon Bos- 
ton from the first; but a public school had 
been voted by the town in 1635, three yeai^ 
before Harvard was founded. We have seen 
the testimony of an Englishman as to the 
polished manners, intelligence, and educa- 
tion of the inhabitants of Boston, and this 
evidence is confirmed by our own records 
and by the long line of eminent clergy- 
men, writers, and orators born in the town. 
It was here that the first newspaper 
ever published on the American continent, ^ 
the "Boston News Letter," appeared on 
the 24th of April, 1704, Two years later 
the first great New England journalist, 
and diplomatist, was born in a little house that stood near the head of Milk Street, 
and that is still remembered by some of the oldest citizens of Boston. It was 
destroyed by fire at the close of the year 1811, after having stood almost a hundred 
and twenty years. The office of the " Boston Post" now covers the spot. 

The history of the thirty years preceding the Revolution is full of incidents show- 
ing the independent spirit of the inliabitants of Boston, their determination not to 
submit to the unwarrantable interference of the British government in their afi"airs 




BIRTHPLACE OF BENJAMIN FRANKLIN. 

and afterwards a philosopher, statesman. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



and particularly to the unjust taxation imposed upon the Colonies, and their willing- 
ness to incur any risks rather than yield to oppression. As early as 1747 there was 
a great riot in Boston, caused by the aggression of British naval officers. Commodore 
Knowles, being short of men, had impressed sailors in the streets of Boston. The 
people made reprisals by seizing some British officers, and holding them as hostages for 
the return of their fellow-citizens. The excitement was very great, but the affair ter- 
minated by the release of the impressed men and the naval officers, the first victory 
registered to the account of the resisting colonists. Twenty years later the town was 
greatly agitated over the Stamp Act ; and hardly had the excitement died away when., 
on March 5, 1770, the famous Boston Massacre took place. The story is familiar 
to every school-boy. The affair originated without any special grievance on either 
side, but the whole population took the part of the mob against the soldiers, showing 
what a deep-seated feeling of hostility existed even then. The scene of this massacre 
was the square in King Street, now State Street, below the Old State House. The 
well-known woodcut of the scene shows the 
State House in the background, but in a 
form quite different from the present. This 
building was erected in 1748, on the site 
occupied by the Town House destroyed by 
fire the year previous. It has long been 
given up to business purposes, the interior 
has been completely remodelled, and the 
edifice surmounted by a roof tliat has wholly 
destroyed the quaint eff'ect of the original 
architecture. It was in its day, we are 
assured by history, "an elegant building." 
The accompanying picture shows the Old 
State House in its ancient form. How it 
appears to-day may be seen from the view on another page. The funeral of the 
victims of the massacre was attended by an immense concourse" of people from 
all parts of New England, and the impression made by the conflict upon the 
patriotic men of that day did not die out until the war of the Revolution had 
begun. The day was celebrated for several years as a memorable anniversary. 
The newspapers of the day did their full share towards keeping up the excite- 
ment. The "Massachusetts Spy," which began publication in Boston in 1770, was 
one of the most earnest of the patriotic press, and two or three years before the be- 
ginning of the war had, at the head of its columns, an invocation to Liberty, Avith a 
coarse woodcut of a serpent cut into nine parts, attacked by a dragon. The several 
parts of the serpent were marked "N. E." for New England, "N. Y.," **N. J.," 
and so on, and above this cut was the motto "Join, or Die." 

The destruction of the tea in Boston Harbor was another evidence of the spirit of 
the people. The ships having "the detested tea" on board arrived the last of 
November and the first of December, 1773. Having kept watch over the ships to 
prevent the landing of any of the tea until the 16th of December, and having 
failed to compel the consignees to send the cargoes back to England, the people were 
holding a meeting on the subject on the afternoon of the 16th, when a formal refusal 




THE OLD STATE-HOUSE. 



6 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



by the Governor of a permit for the vessels to pass the castle without a regular cus- 
tom-house clearance was received. The meeting broke up, and the whole assembly- 
followed a party of thirty persons disguised as Indians to Griffin's (now Liverpool) 
Wharf, where the chests were broken open and their contents emptied into the dock. 
The secret of the participators in this aii'air has been well kept, and it is doubtful 
if any additional light will ever be thrown upon it. It has been claimed, though on 
very doubtful authority, that the plot was concocted in the quaint old building 
that stood until a few years since on the corner of Dock Square and North (formerly 

Ann) Street. This 

'"^S^^^j^ j=^__M 'rL building was con- 

^^..^^ ~ ^ ^ ." -^ structed of rough- 

-^^ - - - , ^gg^^ ^^^^^ ^^^^ 

great lire of 1679 ; 
and was until 
1860, when it was 
taken down, one 
of the most curi- 
ous specimens of 
architecture in 
Boston. A cut of 
this old building 
is given, without 
any voucher of the 
tradition that as- 
signs to a certain 
room in it the ori- 
gin of a bold act 
that led to such 
momentous conse- 

OLD HOUSE IN DOCK SQUARE. qUCnCCS. 

The people of the town took as prominent a part in the war when it broke out as 
they had taken in the preceding events. They suffered in their commerce and in 
their property by the enforcement of the Boston Port Act, and by the occupation of 
the town by British soldiers. Tlieir churches and burial-grounds were desecrated by 
the English troops, and annoyances without number were put upon them, but they 
remained steadfast through all. General Washington took command of the Ameri- 
can army July 2, 1775, in Cambridge, but for many months there was no favorable 
opportunity for making an attack on Boston. During the winter that followed, the 
people of Boston endured many hardships, but their deliverance was near at hand. 
By a skilful piece of strategy Washington took possession of Dorchester Heights on 
the night of the 4th of March, 1776, where earthworks were immediately thrown up, 
and in the morning the British found their enemy snugly ensconced in a strong 
position both for offence and defence. A fortunate storm prevented the execution of 
General Howe's plan of dislodging the Americans ; and by the 17th of March his 
situation in Boston had become so critical that an instant evacuation of the town 




BOS TON ILL US TEA TED. 



was imj>eratively necessary. Before noon of that day the whole British fleet was 
under sail, and General Washington was marching triumpliantly into the town. Our 
sketch shows the heights of Dorchesterasthey once appeared, and yet it is easy to see 
from it how completely the position commands the harbor. No attempt was made 




by the British to repossess the town. At the close of the war Boston was, if not the 
first town in the country in j^oint of population, the most influential, and it entered 
immediately upon a course of prosperity that has continued with very few interrup- 
tions to the present time. 

The first and most serious of these interruptions was that which bt-gan with the 
embargo at the close of the year 1807, and which lasted until the ];>eace of 181.5. 
Massachusetts owned, at the beginning of that disastrous term of seven years, one 
tliird of the shipping of the United States. The embargo was a most serious blow 
to her interests. She did not believe in the constitutionality of the act, nor in its 
wisdom. She believed that the real motives which were assigned for its passage 
were not those alleged by the President and the majority in Congress, and this view 
was confirmed by subsequent events. The war that followed she judged to be a 
mistake, and her discontent was aggravated by the usurpations of the general gov- 
ernment. Nevertheless, in response to the call for troops she sent more men than any 
other State, and New England furnished more than all the slave States that were so 
eager in support of the administration. In all the j)roceedings of those eventful 
years Boston men were leaders. Holding views that were unpopular, and that many 
deemed unpatriotic, they held them with jjluck and jjersistence to the end. 

Again, in the war of the Ptebellion, having been one of the foremost communi- 
ties in the opposition to slavery, Boston was again a leader, this time on the popular 



8 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

side. In this war, in which she only took part by furnishing men and means to 
carry it on at a distance, and in supporting it by the cheering and patriotic words 
of those who remained at home, her history is that of Massachusetts. During the 
four years of conflict the city and State responded promptly to every call of every 
nature from the general government, and furnished troops for every department of 
the army, and money in abundance to carry on the war and to relieve suffering in 
the field. Boston alone sent into the army and naVy no less than 26,119 men, of 
whom 685 were commissioned officers. 

Boston retained its town government until 1822. The subject of changing to the 
forms of an incorporated city was much discussed as early as 1784, but a vote of the 
town in favor of the change was not carried until January, 1822, when the citizens 
declared, by a majority of about six thousand five hundred out of about fifteen thou- 
sand votes, their preference for a city government. The Legislature passed an act 
incorporating the city in February of the same year, and on the 4th of March the 
charter was formally accepted. The city government, consisting of a mayor, Mr. 
John Phillips, as chief executive officer, and a city council composed of boards of 
eight aldermen and forty-eight common councilmen, was organized on May 1. 

During the last half-century the commercial importance of Boston has experi- 
enced a reasonably steady and constant development ; the greatest check upon her 
])rosperity having been the destructive fire of the 9th and 10th of November, 1872. 
The industries of New England have in that time grown to immense proportions, 
and Boston is the natural market and distributing-point for the most of them. The 
increase of population and the still more rapid aggregation of wealth tell the story 
far more effectively than words can do it. In 1790 the population of the town was 
but 18,033, The combined population of the three towns of Boston, Roxbury, 
and Dorchester, at intervals of ten years, is given in the following table : — 

Year. Population. 

1800 30.049 

1810 40,386 

1820 51,117 

1830 70,713 

The valuation of real and personal property in the last forty years shows a still 
more marvellous increase. The official returns at intervals of five years shoAv : — 



Year. Population. 

1840 107,347 

1850 163,214 

1860 212,746 

1870 250,526 



Year. Valuation. 

1835 $79,302,600 

1840 94,581,600 

1845 135,948,700 

1850 180,000,500 



Year. Valuation. 

1855 $241,932,200 

I860 278,861,000 

1865 371,892,775 

1870 584,089,400 



In 1840 the average amount of property owned by each inhabitant of Boston was 
less than nine hundred dollars, but in 1870 it had increased to an average of more 
than twenty-three hundred dollars. After the annexation to Boston of the city of 
Charlestown and the towns of West Roxbury and Brighton, the population of the 
united municipality became, by the census of 1870, 292,499. The estimated popu- 
lation in 1878, based on the assessors' returns, was about 365,000. The valuation in 
1873 was $765,818,713, and in 1878 it was $630,427,200. 



10 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

The growth of Boston proper has, notwithstanding these very creditable figures, 
been very seriously retarded by the lack of room for expansion. Until the era of rail- 
roads it was impracticable for gentlemen doing business in Boston to live far from 
its corporate limits. Accordingly it was necessary to "make land" by filling the 
flats as soon as the dimensions of the peninsula became too contracted for the 
population and business gathered upon it. Some very old maps show how early 
this enlargement w^as commenced ; and hardly any two of these ancient charts 
agree. During the present century very great progress has been made. All the 
old ponds, coves, and crocks have been filled in, and on the south and south- 
west the connection with the mainland has been so widened that it is now 
as broad as the broadest part of the original peninsula ; and the work is not 
yet finished. In other respects the improvements have been immense. All the 
hills have been cut down, and one of them has been entirely removed. The streets 
which were formerly so narrow and crooked as to give point to the joke that they 
were laid out upon the paths made by the cows in going to pasture, have been 
widened, straightened, and graded. Whole districts covered wath buildings of biick 
and stone have been raised, with the structures upon them, many feet. The city 
has extended its authority over the island, once known as Noddle's Island, now East 
Boston, which was almost uninhabited and unimproved until its purchase on specu- 
lation in 1830 ; over South Boston, once Dorchester Neck, annexed to Boston in 
1804 ; and finally, by legislative acts and the consent of the citizens, over the ancient 
municipalities of Roxbury, Dorchester, Charlestown, West Roxbury, and Brighton. 
The original limits of Boston comprised but 690 acres. By filling in flats 880 acres 
have been added. By the absorption of South and East Boston and by filling the 
flats surrounding these districts, 1,700 acres more were acquired. Roxbury con- 
tributed 2,100 acres, Dorchester 4,800, Charlestown 600, West Roxbury 8,000, and 
Brighton 3,000. The entire present area of the city is therefore about 21,800 acres, 
— more than thirty times as great as the original area. Meanwhile, the numerous 
railroads radiating from Boston and reaching to almost every village within thirty 
miles, have rendered it possible for business men to make their homes far away from 
their counting-rooms. By this means scores of suburban towns, unequalled in ex- 
tent and beauty by those surrounding any other great city of the country, have been 
built up, and the valile of property in all the eastern parts of Massachusetts has been 
very largely enhanced. These towns are most intimately connected with Boston in 
business and social relations, and in a sense form a part of the city. It is this theory 
that has led to the annexation of five suburban municipalities already, and that 
will undoubtedly lead, at no distant day, to the absorption of others of the surround- 
ing cities and towns, in some of which we shall find places and objects to be illus- 
trated and described. 



tMS^^Jd 





BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. H 



II. THE NOETH END. 

HE extension of the limits of Boston and the movement of business and 
population to the southward have materially changed the meaning at- 
tached to the term North End. In the earliest days of the town, the Mill 
Creek separated a part of the town from the mainland, and all to the north 
of it was properly called the North End. For our present purpose we include in that 
division of the city all the territory north of State, Court, and Cambridge Streets. 
This district is, perhaps, the richest in historical associations of any part of Boston. 
It was once the most important part of the town, containing not only the largest 
warehouses and the public buildings, but the most aristocratic quarter for dwelling- 
houses. But this was a long time ago. A large part of the North End proper has been 
abandoned by all residents except the poorest and most vicious classes. Among the 
important streets may be mentioned Commercial, with its solidly built warehouses, 
and its great establishments for the sale of grain, ship-chandlery, fish, and other 
articles ; Cornhill, once the head-quarters of the book-trade, and a remnant of the 
business still lingers there ; tlie streets radiating fi'om Dock Square, crowded with 
stores for the sale of cutlery and hardware, meats, wines, groceries, fruit, tin, copper 
and iron-ware, and other articles of household use ; and Hanover, lately widened, 
and now as formerly a great market for cheap goods of all descriptions. Elsewhere 
in this dis4rict are factories for the production of a variety of articles, from a match 
to a tombstone, from a set of furniture to a church bell. 

There are but a few relics remaining of the North End of the olden time. The 
streets have been straightened and widened, and go under different names from those 
first given them, and most of the ancient buildings have fallen to decay and been re- 
moved. Among such as are still left to us, the most conspicuous and the most famous 
is old Faneuil Hall, the "Cradle of Liberty." This building was a gift to the town by 
Mr. Peter Faneuil. For more than twenty years before its erection the need of a pub- 
lic market had been felt, but the town would never vote to build one. In 1740 Mr, 
Faneuil offered to build a market at his own expense, and give it to the town, if a 
vote should be passed to accept it, and keep it open under suitable regulations. 
This noble offer was accepted by the town, after a hot discussion, by a narrow major- 
ity of seven. The building was erected in 1742 ; and only five years later the oppo- 
sition to the market-house system was so powerful that a vote was carried to close the 
market. From that time until 1761 the question whether the market should be open 
or not was a fruitful source of discord in local politics, each party to the contest scor- 
ing several victories. In the last-named year Faneuil Hall was destroyed by fire. 
This seems to have turned the current of popular opinion in favor of the market, for 
the town immediately voted to rebuild it. In 1805 it was enlarged to its present size. 
From the time the Hall was first built until the adoption of the city charter in 1822, 
all town meetings were held within its walls. In the stirring events that preceded 
the Revolution it was put to frequent use. The spirited speeches and resolutions ut- 



12 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




ANEUIL HALL AND QLINCY MARKET. 



tered and adopted within it were a most potent agency in exciting the patriotism of 
all the North American colonists. In every succeeding great crisis in our country's 
history, thousands of citizens have assembled beneath this roof to listen to the patri- 
otic eloquence of their leaders and counsellors. The great Hall is peculiarly fitted 
for popular assemblies. It is seventy-six feet square and twenty-eight feet l>igh, and 
possesses admirable acoustic properties. The floor is left entirely destitute of seats, 
by which means the capacity of the hall, if not the comfort of audiences, is greatly 
increased. Numerous large and valuable portraits adorn the walls : a copy of the full- 
length painting of Washington, by Stuart ; another of the donor of the building, 
Peter Faneuil, by Colonel Henry Sargent ; Healy's great picture of Webster replying 
to Hayne ; excellent portraits of Samuel Adams and the second President Adams ; of 
General Warren and Commodore Preble ; of Edward Everett, Abraham Lincoln, and 
John A. Andrew ; and of several others prominent in the history of Massachusetts 
and the Union. The Hall is never let for money, but it is at the disposal of the peo- 
ple whenever a sufficient number of persons, complying with certain regulations, ask 
to have it opened. The city charter of Boston, which makes but a very few restric- 
tions upon the right of the city government to govern the city in all local affairs, 
contains a wise provision forbidding the sale or lease of this Hall. 

The new Faneuil Hall Market, popularly known as Quincy Market, originated in a 
recommendation by Mayor Quincy in 1823. The corner-stone was laid in April, 1825, 
and the structure was completed in 1827. The building is five hundred and thirty- 
five feet long and fifty feet wide, and is two stories in height. This great market- 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



13 




house was "built at a cost of % 150,000, upon made land ; and so economically were its 
affairs managed that the improvement, including the opening of six new streets and 
the enlargement of a seventh, was accomplished without the levying of any tax, and 
without any increase of the city's debt. 

Quite at the other extreme of our North End district is situated the only other 
building of a public nature within it to be noticed here, — the Massachusetts General 
Hospital, — a structure of imposing appearance and devoted to most beneficent uses. 
This institution had its origin in a bequest of $5,000 made in 1799, but it was not 
until 1811 that 
the Hos])ital 
was incorporat- 
ed. The State 
endowed it 
with a f e e - 
simple in the 
old Province 
House, which 
was subse- 
quently leased 
for a term of 
ninety-nine 

years. e ^^^ Massachusetts general hospital. 

Massachusetts . -, , ^ 4-k;,.,i of 

Hospital Life Insurance Company was required by its charter to pay one tlmd of 
its net profits to the Hospital. Large sums of money were raised by private sub- 
scription both before the institution had begun operations and every year since. 
The handsome granite building west of Blossom Street was erected m 1818, and en- 
larcred by the addition of two extensive wings in 1846. The stone of the original 
structure was hanunered and fitted by the convicts at the State Prison. The sys em 
on which this noble institution is managed is admirable, in that it is so designed as 
to combine the principles of gratuitous treatment and the payment of their expenses 
by those who are able to do so. The Hospital turns away none who come within 
the scope of its operations, while it has room to receive them, however poor they 
may be It has been greatly aided in this work by the generous contributions ana 
bequests of wealthv people. The fund permanently invested to furnish free beds 
amounts to over $600,000 ; and the annual contributions for free beds support about 
150 of them at $100 each. To all who are able to pay for their board and tor 
medical treatment the charges are in all cases moderate, never exceeding the actual 
expense. The general fund of the Hospital is about $1,100,000, and the total of 
restricted funds attains the same amount. The annual income is nearly a quarter 
of a million dollars, which is usually slightly in excess of the expenses. These figures 
are for the Hospital proper and for the McLean Asylum for the Insane at Somerville, 
which is a branch of the institution. From 1600 to 1800 patients are treated yeariy, 
of whom more than three-fourths pay nothing. Besides these who are admitted to 
the Hospital, there are annually from 16,000 to 18,000 out-patients, who receive 
advice and medicine, or surgical or dental treatment. It will show more clearly 



14 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



how great good is done precisely where it is most needed, if Ave say that three-fourths 
of the male patients are classed as mechanics, laborers, teamsters, seamen, and ser- 
vants ; and more than half the female patients are seamstresses, operatives, and 
domestics. Nearly one-half of the patients are foreigners, the natives of Ireland 
far exceeding those of Massachusetts. Between 1821 and 1878, 177,548 out-patients 
were treated, and 48,690 persons entered the hospital, of whom 4,311 died. These 
simple statistics tell a story of good work well done more graphically than pages ot 
the most eloquent praise. 

Four of the eight railroads terminating in Boston have their stations in 
this part of the city, — three of them within a stone's throw of each other, on 
Causeway Street. Our view represents the stations of the Eastern ar,d Fitchburg 
Eailroads, with a section of the new Lowell station in the foreground. The 
former is an unpretentious building of brick, erected in 1863, after the destruc- 
tion by fire of 
the former sta- 
tic n, and is 
small and inad- 
equate to do the 
immense busi- 
ness which the 
Eastern roadhas 
Imilt up ; but 
there is at pres- 
ent little pros- 
pect of the erec- 
tion of a larger 
;ind better sta- 
tion. The East- 
ern Eailroad, by 
arrangement 
with the Maine 
Central Rail- 
road, now runs 
its cars through 
to Bangor, Me., 
there making 

EASTERN AND FITCHPt'RG RAILROAD STATIONS. cloSe COUUCCtion 

with the railroad to St. John, New Brunswick. In addition to the extensive througli 
travel thus secured, it performs an exceedingly large amount of local business for the 
cities and towns along the coast to Portsmouth. In 1847 the total number of pas- 
sengers carried on this line was but 651,408. Over 6,000,000 have been carried in 
a single year, since 1870. 

The station of the Fitchburg Eailroad is represented at the extreme right hand 
of our sketch. It was built in 1847, the terminus of the road having previously 
been in Charlestown. In a great hall in the upper part of this structure, two grand 
concerts were given by Jenny Lind in October, 1850, to audiences numbering 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



15 



on each occasion more than four thousand people. The agents of Mr, Barnuni, 
who was at that time paying her $1,000 for each concert, sold, for the second con- 
cert, tickets to a thousand more people than could be accommodated. The manager 
was accordingly obliged to refund the money the next day, to his own chagi'in 
and to the infinite disgust of those who had failed to hear the great Swedisli 
singer. Even with the disappointed thousand excluded, the hall was so densely 
packed that very many ladies fainted, and there was at times serious danger of a 
panic. The newspapers of the day remarked with admiration upon the magical 
effect of Jenny Lind's voice in calming and restoring to order the ci owded multitude. 
The Fitchburg Railroad passes through several important suburban towns, and trans- 
acts an extensive local and through business. It will probably take the lion's share 
of the business through the Hoosac Tunnel, now finished, — whether happily or not 
is not yet determinable. 

The Lowell Railroad possesses one of the finest passenger-stations in the country, 
as well as one of the largest. It is seven hundred feet long, and has a front of two 
hundred and five feet 
on Causeway Street ; 
the material is face brick 
with trimmings of Nova 
Scotia freestone. The 
engraving shows the el- 
egance of the building ; 
but it cannot display 
the great arch of the 
train-house, which has 
a clear span of one hun- 
dred and twenty feet 
without any central sup- 
port. The head-house 
contains the offices of 
the company and very 
large and convenient 
waiting and other rooms 
for the accommodation 
of passengers. The sta- 
tion was built with a 
view to a much more extensive business than the Boston and Lowell Railroad, only 
twenty-six miles long, could hope to gather, and in it other roads doubtless will be 
ultimately accommodated. The projected Massachusetts Central Railroad has already 
made a contract with the managers of the Lowell road, and it has been suggested 
that the Eastern Railroad might here find much needed train accommodation. 

The Boston and Maine Railroad, alone of all the lines entering the city on the north 
side, enjoys the privilege of penetrating within the outer street. Its station is in 
Haymarket Square, and the open space in front of it gives prominence to the 
structure. The station has within the last few years been greatly enlarged and im- 
proved, so that it is now, internally, one of the lightest and pleasantest edifices of the 




LOWELL RAILROAD STATION. 



16 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



kind in tlie 
city. The Maine 
road has a very- 
large local bus- 
iness, serving 
the towns of 
Maiden, Mel- 
rose, Eeading, 
"Wakefield, and 
Andover, and 
the cities of 
Haverhill and 
Lawrence. It 
is also a favorite 
^ line to Portland 
^ and beyond, as 
it passes along 
the Maine coast 
near the sea- 
side hotels of 

HAYMARKET SQUARE. oi i 

Saeo, and en- 
joys close connection at Portland with the Maine Central and Grand Trunk roads. 

The old North Burying-ground, on Copp's Hill, was the second established in the 
town. Its original limits, when first used for interments in 1660, were much smaller 





copp's hill burying-ground. 
than now, and the enclosure did not reach its present size until about forty years ago. 
Like most of the remaining relics of the early times, this burial-ground bears traces 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



17 



of the Revolutionary contest. The British soldiers occupied it as a military station, 
and used to amuse themselves by firing bullets at the gravestones. The marks made 
in this sacrilegious sport may still be discovered by careful examination of the stones. 
One of these most defaced is that above the grave of Captain Daniel Malcom, which 
bears an inscription speaking of him as "a true son of Liberty a Friend to 

THE PUBLICK AN EnEMY TO OPPRESSION AND ONE OF THE FOREMOST IN OPPOS- 
ING THE Revenue Acts on America." 

This refers to a bold act of Captain Malcom, in landing a valuable cargo of wines, in 
1768, without paying the duty upon it. This was done in the night under the guard 
of bands of men armed with clubs. It would be called smuggling at the present 
day, but when committed it was deemed a laudable and patriotic act, because the 
tax was regarded as unjust, oppressive, and illegal. The most noted persons whose 
bodies repose within this enclosure were undoubtedly the three Reverend Doctors 
Mather, — Increase, Cotton, and Samuel ; but there are many curious and interest- 
ing inscriptions to read, which Avould well repay a visit. The burying-ground is 
even now a favorite place of resort in the warmer months, and the gates stand hos- 
pitably open to callers, though they have long been closed against the admission of 
new inhabitants. It is to the credit of the city, that, when it became necessary in 
the improvement of that section of the city to cut down the hill to some extent, 
the burying- 
ground was left 
untouched, and 
the embankment 
protected by a 
high stone-wall. 

Two of the 
leading hotels of 
Boston are in 
this district of 
the city. The 
American House, 
on Hanover St., 
is the largest 
public house in 
Kew England, 
and one of the 
best. Its exter- 
nal appearance 
has been ver}^ 
greatly improved 
by the recent 
widening of Han- 
over Street. It 
covers the sites 
of four former 
hotels, — Earle's, 




18 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



the Merchants', the Hanover, and the old American Houses. It was rebuilt in 
1851, and nnmerous additions have been made since. The interior has also been 
completely remodelled within a few years, and many of the rooms are exceedingly 
elegant, while the furniture of the house is throughout handsome and substantial. 
A splendid passenger elevator was added to the house when it was refitted, and as 
the furnishing of the rooms is uniform on all the floors, the highest rooms are as 
desirable as those on the second story. The grand dining-room is an immense hall, 
capable of seating at one time more than three hundred people ; when lighted at 
night it is one of the most brilliant halls in Boston, having at either end mammoth 
mirrors reaching from the floor to the ceiling. The American has long been a 
favorite resort for strangers in the city on business, and it is practically the head- 
quarters of the shoe and leather trade. It has been under one management for 
thirty-five years. 

The Eevere House is not strictly within the limits of the district we have drawn, 
but it is separated from that district only by the width of a single street. It is a 

building of fine ap- 
pearance, as will be 
seen from our sketch. 
It was erected by 
the Massachusetts 
Charitable Mechanic 
Association, and was 
for a long time under 
the management of 
the veteran Paran 
Stevens. It was, of 
course, named in 
memory of Paul Re- 
vere, the patriotic 
mechanic of Boston 
before and during the 
Revolution, and the 
first president of the 
Charitable Mechanic 
Association. Colonel 
Revere was a com- 
panion and fellow- 
worker with Samuel 
Adams, James Otis, Joseph Warren, and others of the leaders of opinion in the days 
of Stamp and Tea Acts. He helped the cause in various ways, — by engraving 
with friendly but unskilful hand the portraits of Adams and others ; by casting 
church bells to be rung and cannon to be fired ; by printing paper money, which 
was, however, neither a valuable currency nor a commendable work of art ; by words 
and deeds of patriotism that entitle him to grateful remembrance by all Americans. 
The versatile colonel appears in the first Directory of Boston, for 1789, as a gold- 
smith doing business at No. 50 Coruhill, — now Washington Street. The hotel 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



19 



which bears his name has entertained more distinguished men than any other m 
Boston The Prince of Wales occupied apartments in the Revere on his visit to 
the city twelve years ago. President Grant has been several times a guest of the 
house and in the winter of 1871 it was the head-quarters of the Grand Duke 
Alexis of Russia. The Revere is situated in Bowdoin Square. 

We o-ive in this place a view of one of the old churches of the city, lately 
demolislied The church in Brattle Square was long known as the Manifesto 
Church, the original members having put forth in 1699, just before their church 
was dedicated, a document declaring their aims and purposes.' While themselves 
adopting the belief 
which was then 
universal among 
the Congregational 
churches of the time, 
they conceded the 
right of difference of 
belief among the 
members. What 
Congregational 
churches were to 
those ruled by ec- 
clesiastical supe- 
riors, or by con- 
vocations, the indi- 
vidual member of the 
Manifesto Church 
was to be to the mem- 
bers of other Con- 
gregational church- 
es, and the distinc- 
tion between church 
and congregation was 
abolished. Expect- 
ing a difficulty in ^_^^, 

" ^ . \ . BRATTLE SQUARE CHURCH. 

wetting ordained m , , , tp r. -li- 

Boston, their first minister was ordained in London. The modest church edifice built 
in 1699 was taken down in 1772, and the building just demolished, erected on the same 
spot, was dedicated on the 25th of July, 1773. During the Revolution the pastor, who 
was a patriot, was obliged to leave Boston, services were suspended and the^ Bntish 
soldiery used the building as a barrack. A cannon-ball from a battery in Cam- 
bridge or from a ship of war in Charles River struck the church ; and t^is "i^- 
mento of the glorious contest was afterwards built into the external wall of the 
church, above the porch. Among the long line of eminent clergymen who have 
been pastors of this church, may be mentioned the late Edward Everett who is so 
much better known as a statesman than as a minister that the fact of his having 
been a clergyman is frequently forgotten. The old church was sold in 18 / 1, and the 




20 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



last service was held in it July 30 of that year, a memorial sermon being preached 
on that occasion by the pastor, the Rev. Dr. S. K. Lothrop. The ancient pulpit, the 
old bell, the organ, the historic cannon-ball, and some other mementoes, were re- 
served at the sale. The Metropolitan-Bank building, on Brattle Street, near Wash- 
ington Street, occupies the site of the church. The society built a new church on 
the Back Bay, which is noticed elsewhere. 

The oldest church in the city is Christ Church, Episcopal, on Salem Street. The 
Episcopalian denomination was for a long time of slow growth in Boston ; but not- 
withstanding King's Chapel, 
^ then a society of the Church 

of England, had been en- 
larged in 1710, the number 
of Church people was so large 
in tlie year 1723, that it was 
necessary to found a new so- 
ciety. This is the first and 
only building ever occupied 
by the society. During the 
Revolution, the rector of 
Christ Church, the Rev. 
Mather Byles, Jr., left the 
town on account of his sym- 
I)athy with the royal cause. 
The steeple of this church 
is a very prominent land- 
mark, and is one of the most 
noticeable features in ap- 
proaching the city from the 
liarbor. It is, however, but 
a copy, as accurate as could 
be made, of the original stee- 
ple, fiom which the warning 
lights were hung on the night 
of April 18, 1775, which was 
blown down in the great 
gale of October, 1804. The tower contains a fine chime of eiglit bells, upon which 
have been rung joyful and mournful peals for more than a century and a quarter. 

Only one of the great daily newspapers of the city is published within the North 
End district, — the Daily Advertiser. The Advertiser is the oldest daily paper in 
Boston, having passed beyond the sixtieth year of continuous publication. It is a 
little curious that the site now occupied by the Advertiser as a permanent home, 
after a protracted period of migration, is that from which James Franklin issued the 
first number of the New England Courant, in 1721. The same spot was again occu- 
pied as a printing-office in 1776, by the Independent Chronicle, which was suspended 
during the Revolution. The Advertiser has succeeded to the rights of the Chronicle, 
and therefore claims that when it took possession of its present l)uilding, in 1867, 




CHRIST CHURCH, SALEM STRgET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



21 



— a building, by the way, admirably suited to its purpose, — it merely i'eturned to its 
first home. The first number of the Daily Advertiser ever published thus announced 
the character of the paper: " The predominant feature of the Daily Advertiser will 
be commercial, — yet it will be by no means destitute of a political character." This 
announcement, changed to the present tense, has always been a true description of 
the paper. It has maintained during its comparatively long life an excellent reputa- 
tion for ability and accuracy, and is accounted one of the leading journals of New 
England. 

Two of the most noticeable, though not the most extensive, of the street im- 
provements of recent 
years, have taken 
place in this district. 
The first was the re- 
moval of an uninter- 
esting old structure, 
a landmark and 
meeting-place in the 
Boston of ten years 
ago, known as Scol- 
lay's Building, and 
the creation thereby 
of what is now called 
Scollay Square. The 
history of the build- 
ing is not worth 
telling, and every- 
body rejoiced when 
the city bought it foi 
two or three times its 
real value and tore it 
down. The improve- 
ment had one fun- 
ny result, and New 
York would make 
sport of us if she 
only knew the facts. 
Scollay Square is the 
most irregular of tri- 
angles. Court Street 
empties into it in the 

most curious way possible, and for a time the left side of the street is lost. It is Tre- 
mont Row where it ought to be Court Street. Then the right side is similarly lost, 
Court Street and Sudbury Street being separated by as invisible a line as is the 
equator. But finally both parts of the street resume their course after a space where 
there is no Court Street, until the wonderful avenue loses itself at last in Bovvdoin 
Square. 




22 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



The other improvement is the extension of Washington Street to Haymarket 
Square and the Boston and Maine Railroad Station. This extension was projected 
and urged long ago, but was opposed strenuously on account of the expense involved. 
There were two lines proposed, and the advocates of each resisted the other project. 
At last, however, the Haymarket Square line was decided upon, and the scheme was 
carried out. The new street was opened in 1874, having cost over $1,500,000, and 
makes a marked improvement in that section of the city. Near its union with the 
older part of Washington Street it broadens into an irregular triangle, extending 
towards Faneuil Hall, and bordered on two sides by imposing business blocks of 
light-colored stone. Washington Street now makes a straight line from State Street 
to the Boston and Maine Station, whence it is prolonged by Charlestown Street to 
the Charlestown Bridge. Near the meeting-point of Washington and Charlestown 
Streets is the new Roman Catholic Church of St. Mary (on Endicott Street), one 
of the largest religious edifices in Boston, with a beautiful altar of many-colored 
marbles. 





BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 23 



III. THE WEST END. 



T was, perhaps, fortunate for the people of Boston that the original penin- 
sula was so uneven of surface. The physical geography of the town 
determined the laws of its growth and development. It was inevitable 
that the business of Boston in its early days, being chiefly commercial, 
should cluster near the wharves. It was natural that the high hills should be 
chosen for residences. When, in the progress of the town, the merchants burst 
through the ancient limits of trade, they insensibly followed the line of level ground, 
and left the hills covered with dwelling-houses. It was not until Fort Hill had 
been wholly surrounded by mercantile houses that the people residing upon that 
once beautiful eminence reluctantly retired. It is only within a few years that the 
quieter branches of business — agencies, architects' and lawyers' offices — have 
begun to mount Beacon Hill, and the progress is so slow that there seems but little 
prospect that a business movement in that direction will meet with much success. 
From the difficulty that business almost always experiences in ascending a hill has 
resulted the preservation of a very large section of the city in the immediate 
neighborhood of business, which is still, and is likely to remain, a desirable place 
for residences. This section is generally called the West End, — a term which is, 
like the North End, very difficult to be defined. We have already included in the 
latter division a part of what is usually termed the West End, and we must now, 
for convenience' sake, embrace within the limits of the West End a part of the 
South End. Our division includes all that part of the city south and west of 
Cambridge, Court, and Tremont Streets, to the line of the Boston and Albany 
Railroad, following the line of that railroad to Brookline. These boundaries take in 
the whole of Beacon Hill, the Common and Public Garden, and most of the Back 
Bay new land. 

It has already been said that Beacon Hill, the highest in Boston, has been shorn 
of its original proportions. It is to-day neither very steep nor very high, nor is it 
easy to convey any intelligible idea of its original character by giving the altitude 
of its highest point above the level of the sea. Those who are familiar with the 
neighborhood will understand the extent of the changes, however, when it is said 
that the three peaks of "Trea Mount" were where Pemberton Square, the Reservoir, 
and Louisburg Square now are. The hill was cut down in the early years of the 
present century, and Mount Vernon Street was laid out at that time ; but it Avas 
not until 1835 that the hill where Pemberton Square now is was removed, and that 
square laid oiit. Beacon Hill obtained its name from the fact that, for almost a 
century and a half from the settlement of the town-, a tall pole stood upon its 
summit, surmounted by a skillet filled with tar, to be fired in case it was desired to 
give an alarm to the surrounding towns. After the Revolution a monument took 
its place, which stood until 1811, and was then taken down to make room for 
improvements. 



24 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

The highest point of the hill in its present shape is occupied by the Massachu- 
setts State House, an illustration of which is given on page 28 h. So prom- 
inent is its position that it is impossible to make a comprehensive sketch of the 
city that does not exhibit the dome of the State House as the central point of the 
background. The land on which it stands was formerly Governor Hancock's cow- 
pasture, and was bought of his heirs by the town and given to the State. The 
corner-stone was laid by the Freemasons, Paul Revere grand master, in 1793, Gov- 
ernor Samuel Adams being present and making an address on the occasion. It 
was first occupied by the Legislature in January, 1798. In 1852 it was enlarged 
at the rear by an extension northerly to Mount Vernon Street, an improvement 
which cost considerably more than the entire first cost of the building. In 1866 
and 1867 it was very extensively remodelled inside, and in 1874 was again repaired, 
and the dome was gilded. 

There are a great many points of interest about the State House. The statues of 
Webster and Mann, on either side of the approach to the building, will attract 
notice, if not always admiration. Within the Doric Hall, or rotunda, hours may 
be spent by the stranger in examining the objects that deserve attention. Here is 
the fine statue of Washington, by Chantrey ; here are arranged in an attractive 
manner, behind glass protectors, the battle-flags borne by Massachusetts soldiers in 
the war against Rebellion ; here are copies of the tombstones of the Washington 
family in Brington Parish, England, presented to Senator Sumner by an English 
nobleman, and by the former to the State ; here is the admirable statue of Governor 
Andrew ; here are the busts of the patriot hero Samuel Adams, of the martyred Presi- 
dent Lincoln, and of Senator Sumner ; near by are the tablets taken from the 
monument just mentioned which was erected on Beacon Hill after the Revolution to 
commemorate that contest. Ascending into the Hall of Representatives, we find 
suspended from the ceiling the ancient codfish, emblem of the direction taken by 
Massachusetts industry in the early times. In the Senate Chamber there are also 
relies of the olden time and portraits of distinguished men. From the cupola, 
which is always open when the General Court is not in session, is to be obtained one 
of the finest views of Boston and the neighboring country. A register of the 
visitors to the cupola is kept in a book prepared for the purpose. During the season, 
which lasts from the 1st of June until Christmas, nearly 50,000 persons ascend the 
long flights of stairs to obtain this view of Boston and its suburbs, an average of three 
hundred a day. 

The statue of Governor Andrew in Doric Hall is one of the most excellent of our 
portrait statues. It represents the great war governor as he appeared before care 
had ploughed its lines in his face. This statue was first unveiled to public view 
when it was presented to the State on the 14th of February, 1871. Its history is 
as follows : In January, 1865, a meeting was held in Faneuil Hall, at which it was 
voted to raise a fund for the erection of a statue to the late Edward Everett. The 
response was much more liberal than was necessary for the original purpose, and 
after the statue on the Public Garden, to be mentioned hereafter, was finished, a 
large surplus remained. The portrait of Everett now in Faneuil Hall was procured 
and paid for, a considerable sum was voted in aid of the equestrian statue of Wash- 
ington, and of the balance, ten thousand dollars were appropriated for a statue of 
Andrew, which the State subsequently passed a formal vote to accept. The artist 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



25 



was Thomas Ball, a native of Charlestown, but now resident in Florence. The 
marble is of beautiful texture and whiteness, and the statue is approved both for its 
admirable likeness of the eminent 
original and for its artistic merits. 

There is nothing in Boston of 
which Bostonians are more truly 
proud than of the Common. Other 
cities have larger and more preten- 
tious public grounds ; none of them 
can boast a park of greater natural 
beauty, or better suited to the pur- 
poses to which it is put. There are 
no magnificent drives, for teams are 
not admitted within the sacred pre- 
cincts. Everything is of the plgiin- 
est and homeliest character, the 
velvety greensward and the over- 
arching foliage being the sole and 
sufficient ornaments of the place. 
There is the Frog Pond, with its 
fountain, where the boys may sail 
their miniature ships at their own 
sweet will. There is the deer park, 
a delightful and popular resort for 
the youngest of the visitors to this 
noble public space. All the malls 
aud paths are shaded by fine old trees, 
which formerly had their names con- 
spicuously labelled upon them, giv- 
ing an admirable opportunity for the 
study of what we may call grand 
botany. On bright spring days the Common is resorted to by thousands of boys, 
who find here ample room to give vent to their surplus spirit and animation, free 
from all undue restraint. On summer evenings the throng of promenaders is very 
great, and of itself testifies to the value placed by all classes upon this opportunity 
to get a breath of fresh air in the heart of the city. 

The history of the Common has been written several times, but there are never- 
theless curiously erroneous notions prevalent in regard to the manner in which it 
became public ground, and the power of the city over it. The territory of Boston 
was purchased from Mr. Blaxton by the corporation of colonists who settled it. The 
land was then divided among the several inhabitants by the officers of the town. A 
part of it was set off as a training-field and as common ground, subject originally to 
further division in case such a course should be thought advisable. In 1640 a vote 
was passed by the town, in consequence of a movement on the part of certain citi- 
zens that was discovered and thwarted none too soon, that, with the exception of 
^^3 or 4 lotts to make vp y" streete from bvo Robtc Walkers to y" Kound Marsh," no 




THE ANDREW STATUE. 



26 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



more land should be granted out of the Common. It is solely by the power of this 
vote and the jealousy of the citizens sustaining it that the Common was kept sacred 

,Yf^ ,,M \, 1 to the uses of the 

people as a whole 
from 1640 until the 
adoption of the city 
charter, when, by 
the desire of the citi- 
zens, and by the con- 
sent of the Legisla- 
ture, the right to 
alienate any portion 
of the Common was 
expressly withheld 
from the city gov- 
ernment. 

The earliest use to 
which the Common 
was j)ut was that of 
a pasture and a train- 
ing-held on muster 
days. The occupa- 
tion of the Common 
as a grazing - field 
continued until the 
year 1830, but it was 

by no means wholly given up to that use. As early as 1675 an English traveller, Mr, 
John Josselyn, published in London an "Account of Two Voyages," in which occurs 
the folloAving notice of Bpston Common : "On the south there is a small but pleas- 
ant Common, where the Gallants a little before sunset walk with their Marmalet- 
Madams, as we do in Moorfields, etc., till the nine a clock Bell rings them home to 
their respective habitations, when presently the Constables walk their rounds to see 
good orders kept, and to take up loose people." Previous and long subsequent to 
this the Common was also the usual place for executions. Four persons at least were 
hanged for witchcraft between 1656 and 1660. Murderers, pirates, deserters, and 
others were put to death under the forms of law upon the Common, until, in 1812, a 
memorial signed by a great number of citizens induced the selectmen to order that 
no part of the Common should be granted for such a purpose. Those who have 
studied the history of Boston most closely are of opinion that on more than one 
occasion a branch of the great Elm was used as the gallows. And near that famous 
tree was the scene of a lamentable duel, in 1728, that resulted in the death of a very 
promising young man. The level ground east of Charles Street has been used from 
the very earliest times as a parade-ground. Here take place the annual parade and 
drum-head election of the Ancient and Honorable Artillery Company, the oldest 
military organization in the country, and here the Governor delivers to the newly 
elected officers their commissions for the year. 




THK FROG 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



27 



The original boundary of tlie Common was quite different from the present. On 
the west it was bounded by the low lands and flats of the Back Bay ; on the north 
by Beacon Street to Tremont Street ; thence by an irregular line to "West Street ; 
and thence to the corner of Boylston and Carver Streets, and upon that line to the 
water. Upon that part bounded by Park, Beacon, and Tremont Streets were once 
situated the granary, the almshouse, the workhouse, and the bridewell. In 1733 a 
way was established across the Common where Park Street (which was formerly 
called Centry Street) now is. Since the establishment of that street, the land occu- 
pied by the institutions above named has been sold for private purposes. Compen- 
sation has been made to some extent by the addition of the land in the angle 
between Tremont and Boylston Streets. The land for the burying-ground was 
bought by the town in 1757, and that part where is now situated the deer park in 
1787. On the west a considerable piece was cut otf when Charles Street was laid out, 
in 1803, but here also there was rather a gain than a loss, since the piece so 
amputated was enlarged by tilling flats, and added to the public grounds. The area 
of the Common is now very nearly forty-eight acres. 

It would be impossible in our limits to mention all that is of interest upon and 
about the Common ; but some things cannot be passed over. Among these is the 
site of the Old Elm, 
which is now partly 
occupiedby two young 
descendant trees. The 
Old Elm was certain- 
1}'^ the oldest kno\vn 
tree in New England. 
It was lai-ge enough 
to find a place on 
the map engraved in 
1722, and on the grt it 
branch broken off" by 
the gale of 1860 could 
be easily count ( d 
nearly two hundi c d 
rings, carr3dngthe age 
of that branch ba( k 
to 1670. It is sui- 
mised that the sup 
posed witch, Ann 
Hibbens, was hanged 
upon it in 1656, and 
if so, it could have 
hardly been less than the old elm, boston common. 

twenty-six years old, which would make the Old Elm as old as the town of Bos- 
ton. Great care has been taken to preserve this tree. A gale in 1832 caused it 
much injury, and the limbs were restored to their former places at great cost and 
mth much labor, after which they were secured by iron bands and bars. The gi-eat 




28 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



gale of June, 1860, tore off the largest limlD and otherwise nmtilated it, and again it 
was restored as far as was possible, and the cavity was tilled up and covered. In 
September, 1869, the high wind that tore the roof from the first Coliseum and blew 
down the spires of so many churches in Boston and vicinity made havoc with the 
remaining limbs, taking off one gi-eat branch that was forty-two inches in circum- 
ference. The venerable tree was blown down early in 1876. 

The Frog Pond was, probably, in the early days of Boston, just what its name 
indicates, — a low, marshy spot, filled with stagnant water, and the abode of the 
tuneful batrachian. The enterprise of the early inhabitants is credited with having 
transformed it into a real artificial pond. This pond was the scene of the formal 
introduction of the water of Cochituate Lake into Boston, on the 25th of October, 
1848. A great procession was organized on that day, under the direction of the city 
government, which marched through the principal streets to the Common, where, 
after a hymn sung by the Handel and Haydn Society, a prayer, an ode written by 
James Russell Lowell and sung by the school-children, addresses by the Hon. 
Nathan Hale and by Mayor Qiiincy, the water was let on through the gate of the 
fountain, amid the shouts of the people, the roar of cannon, the hiss of rockets, and 
the ringing of bells. 

The burying-ground on Boylston Street, formerly known as the South, and later 
as the Central Burying-ground, is the least interesting of the old cemeteries of Bos- 
ton. It was opened in 1756, but the oldest stone, Avith the exception of one which 
was removed from some other ground, or which perpetuates a manifest error, is 
dated 1761. The best-known name upon any stone in the graveyard is that of 
Monsieur Julien, the inventor of the famous soup that bears his name, and the 
most noted restaurateur of Boston in the last century. 

One of the most conspicuous objects on the Common is the Brewer fountain, the gift 



to the city of the late Gardner Brewer, Esq., 



which began to play for the first time on 
June 3, 1868. It is a copy, 
^ ^ in bronze, of a fountain de- 

signed by the French artist 
Lienard, executed for the 
Paris World's Fair of 1855, 
A\here it was awarded a gold 
medal. The great figures at 
the base represent Neptune 
a ad Amphitrite, Acis and Ga- 
le itea. The fountain was cast 
m Paris, and was procured, 
brought to this country, and 
set up at the sole expense of 
the public - spirited donor. 
Copies in iron have been made 
for the cities of Lyons and 
THE BREWER FOUNTAIN. Bordeaux ; and an exact copy, 

in bronze, of the fountain on the Common was made for Said Pacha, the late Vice- 
roy of Egypt. 




BOSTON ILL US Til A TED. 



28 a 



The Soldiers' and Sailors' 
Monument is on the hill 
near the Frog Pond, and 
was designed by Martin Mil- 
more, and dedicated on Sep- 
tember 17th, 1877, when the 
entire militia force of the 
State paraded in Boston, and 
was reviewed by the Presi- 
dent of the United States. 
The platform is thirty-eight 
feet square, and rests on a 
mass of subten-anean ma- 
sonry sixteen feet deep. 
Four projecting pedestals 
sustain four bronze statues, 
each eight feet high, repre- 
senting Peace, a female figure 
bearing an olive-branch and 
looking to the South ; the 
Sailor, a picturesque mariner 
carrying a drawn cutlass, 
and looking seaward ; His- 
tory, a graceful female fig- 
ure, in Greek costume, hold- 
ing a tablet and stylus, and 
looking upward ; and the 
Soldier, perhaps the best 
statue on the monument, 
representing a Federal in- 
fantryman standing at case, 
and bearing the face of a cit- 
izen-soldier rather than that 
of a professional warrior. 
Between these pedestals are 
four large bronze reliefs. 
In the front is "The De- 
I)arture for the War," with 
a regiment marching by the 
State-House steps, the moun- 
ted officers, from left to right, 
being Cols. Lowell and Shaw, 
both of whom were killed, 
Col. Cass, Gen. B. F. But- 
ler, and Quartermaster- 
Gen. Reed. On the steps 




ARMY AND NAVY MONUMENT, 
BOSTON COMMON. 



28 6 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



are the Eevs. Turner Sargent, A. H. Vinton, Phillips Brooks, and Archbishop Wil- 
liams ; Gov. Andrew, shorter than the others ; Wendell Phillips, ]\Ir. Whitmore, 
the j)oet Longfellow, and others. The second bas-relief shows the work of the San- 
itary Commission, the left-hand group being on duty in the field, with the Rev. E. 
E. Hale at its head ; and in the other group the seven gentlemen are E. R. Mudge, 
A, H. Rice, James Russell Lowell, Rev. Dr. Gannett, George Ticknor, W. W. Clapp, 




STATE HOUSE. 

and Marshall P. AVilder (from left to right). "The Return from the AVar" is the 
most elaborate of the reliefs, and contains forty figures. The veterans are marching 
by the State House, and are surrendering their flags to Gov. Andrew, while joyful 
wives and children break the ranks of the regiment. The mounted officers are Gens. 
Bartlett, Underwood, P>anks, and Devens (from left to right) ; the civilians are Dr. 
Reynolds, Gov. Andrew, Senator Wilson, Gov. Claflin, Mayor Shurtlefi", Judge Putnam, 
Charles Sumner, C, W. Slack, James Redpath, and J. B. Smith. The fourth relief 
represents the departure of the sailors from home (on the left), and an engagement 
between a Federal man-of-war and monitor and a massive Confederate fortress. 

The main shaft of the monument, an ornate Roman-Doric cohunn of white granite, 
rises from the pedestal between the statues ; and at its base are four allegorical figures, 
in alto-relievo and eight feet high, representing the North, South, East, and West. On 
top of the capital are lour marble eagles. The crowning glory of the monument is the 



BOSTON ILL USTRA TED. 



29 



statue of America, eleven feet tigh, symbolized by a majestic and inoiii'uing woman, clad 
in classic costume, and crowned with thirteen stars. In one hand she holds the Ameri- 
can Hag, in the other a drawn sword and wreaths of laurel ; and she faces the south. 
The bronzes were cast at Chicopee, Mass., and at Philadelphia ; and the stone is 
white granite from Hallowell. The monument bears the following inscription, 
written by the President of Harvard College : — 

TO THE MEN OF BOSTON 

WHO DIED FOR THEIR COUNTRY 

ON LAND AND SEA IN THE WAR 

WHICH KEPT THE UNION WHOLE 
DESTROYED SLAVERY 
AND MAINTAINED THE CONSTITUTION 
THE GRATEFUL CITY 
HAS BUILT THIS MONUMENT 
THAT THEIR EXAMPLE MAY SPEAK 
TO COMING GENERATIONS 
There are very few spots on the Common with which some Bostonian lias not a 
pleasant association. Almost every citizen and visitor has rejoiced in the grateful 
shade of the Tre- 
mont Street Mall, 
or the arching elms 
of the Beacon Street 
Mall, on a hot sum- | 
mer's day. Few y 
would care to tramp 
upon the burning 
bricks of the sid( 
walks when there is 
so pleasant a path 
close at hand. But 
the associations an 
by no means con- 
fined to the mere ex 
perience of comfoit 
beneath the shadow 
of these wide-spread 
ing trees. Ho\\ 
many thousand 
" gallants " have 
walked these malls 
with their "marma- 
let-madams," hold- 
ing sweet converse 

the while ! The inimitable Dr. Holmes has laid the scene of one of the pleasantest 
courtships in literature at the head of one of the malls branching from the one 
which our view represents. The "autocrat of the break ftist-table " had engaged 
passage for Liverpool, that he might escape forever from the sight of tlie fasciiinting 




BEACON STKKF.T MALL. 



30 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



schoolmistress if she turned a deaf ear to his petition. Having thus provided a way 
of escape, he planned to take a walk with her. 

"It was on the Common that we were walking. The mall, or boulevard of our 
Common, you know, has various branches leading from it in different directions. 
One of these runs down from opposite Joy Street, southward across the length of 
the whole Common to Boylston Street. We called it the long path, and were fond 
of it. 

" I felt very Aveak, indeed, (though of a tolerably robust habit,) as we came oppo- 
site the head of this path on that morning. I think I tried to speak twice without 
making myself distinctly audible. At last I got out the question, ' Will you take the 
lung path will; me r 'Certainly,' said the schoolmistress, 'with much pleasure.' 
'Think,' I said, 'before you answer; if you take the long path M-ith me now, I 
shall interpret it that we are to part no more ! ' The schoohnistress stepped back 
with a sudden movement, as if an arrow had struck her. 

"One of the long granite blocks used as seats was hard by, the one you may 
still see close by the Ginko tree. ' Praj^ sit down,' I said. ' No, no,' she answered, 
softly, ' I will walk the long path with you.' " 

The history of the Public Garden is shorter and less interesting than that of the 
Comnion. Before the improvement of this part of the city was begun, a large part 




THE PUBLIC GARDEN, FROM ARLINGTON STREET. 

G. wnat is now the Public Garden was covered by the tides, and the rest was knowa 
a^ "the marsh at the foot of the Common." In 1794, the ropcAvalks having been 
burned, the town voted to grant these flats for the erection of new ropewalks. It 
was not until many years later that the folly of this act was seen, — indeed, not 
until after the constmction of the Mill-dam, now tlie extension of Beaton Street, to 



BOSTON ILL US TEA TED. 



♦"> 1 




Brookline. When the tide had ceased to flow freely over the flats, and the marsh 

so rashly granted be- 
came dry land, the "~ — ^-^= ^P^^^^r^ 

holders of this prop- 
erty, having once 

more lost their rope- 
walks by fire, in 1819, 

began to realize its 

value, and proposed 

to sell it for business 

and dwelling pur- 

l)oses. Charles Street 

had been laid out 

in 1803, and this 

increased the value 

of building-lots on 

the tract, if it could 

be sold. The pro- 
posed action was, 

however, resisted, and 

finally, in 182i, the 

city paid upwards of 

fifty thousand dol- the pond, public garden. 

lars to regain what^the town had in a fit of generosity given away. But for a long 

time after this very 

little was done to or- r - —' ^-^ 1^ :. _ 

nament and improve 

the Public Garden 

The vexatious dela\ ^ 

in settling the terms 

on which the Back 

Bay was to be filled 
are hardly forgotten 
yet ; and not much 
n ore than a dozen 
years ago some of the 
principal walks in the 
enclosure were still 
in the worst conceiv- 
able condition 
There was,until 1859, 
when an act of the 
Legislature and a 
vote of the city set- 
tled the (|uestion 
fiiiallv. a small but 

THE BRIDGE, PUBLIC GARDEN. 




32 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



earnest party in favor of disposing of the entire tract for building purposes, — just as 
there is now a persistent class of persons who desire the improvement of several streets 
at the expense of the Common. All these unwise plans failed, and the Public Garden 
became the inalienable property of the city. In the last twenty years very much 
has been done to make the Public Garden attractive, and although it has not the 
diversified surface and shaded walks of the older enclosure, it has already become a 
favorite resort for young and old. 

The area of this park is about twenty-one and a quarter acres. It is not exactly 
rectangular in shape, as it seems to be, the Boylston Street side being longer than 
the Beacon Street, and the Charles Street longer than the Arlington Street side. 
The pond in the centre is laboriously irregular in shape, and is wholly artificial. It 
contains rather less than four acres, and was constructed in 1859, almost imme- 
diately after the act of the Legislature relating to the Public Garden had been 
accepted. The central walk, from Charles to Arlington Streets, crosses this pond 
by an iron bridge resting on granite piers, erected in 1867. The appearance 
of unnecessary solidity and strength which this bridge presents gave point to 
numerous jokes in the newspa])ers of the day. The bridge is certainly strong 
enough to support an army on the march, and perhaps it looks much more substantial 
than it really is ; but aside from the rather ponderous appearance of the piers, there 
is very little opportunity for unfavorable criticism of the structure. 

There are several interesting works of art in the Public Garden. The one first 
placed there was a small but very beautiful statue of Venus rising from the Sea, which 

stands near the Arlington Street entrance, oppo- 
site Commonwealth Avenue. The fountain con- 
nected with this statue is so arranged as to throw, 
when it is playing, a fine spray all about the fig- 
ure of Venus, producing a remarkably beautiful 
ttfect. Further on towards Beacon Street stands 
the monument to the discovery and to the discov- 
erer, whoever he may be, of anaesthetics, presented 
bv Thomas Lee, Esq., and dedicated in June, 1868. 
In the centre of the Beacon Street side stands the 
statue in bronze of the late Edward Everett. The 
funds for this statue were raised by a public sub- 
scription, in 1865. The remarkable success of this 
subscription has already been referred to. This 
statue was modelled in Kome by Story, in 1866, 
( ist in Munich, and presented to the city in No- 
\ ember, 1867. The orator stands with his head 
thrown back, and with his right arm extended 
in the act of making a favorite and gi-aceful ges- 
ture. 

But the most conspicuous of all the works of art in the Public Garden is Ball's 
great equestrian statue of Washington, which is justly regarded by many as one of 
the finest, as it is one of the largest, pieces of the kind in America. The movement 
which resulted in the erection of this monument was begun in the spring of 1859. 




THE EVERETT STATUE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



33 



The earliest contribution to the fund was the proceeds of an oration delivered by the 
Hon. Robert C. Winthrop in the Music Hall less than a month after the committee 
was organized. A great fair held in the same place in November of the same year, 
and an appropriation of ten thousand dollars from the city, supplied the greater 
part of the needful funds, supplemented in 1868 by a contribution of five thousand 
dollars of the surplus remaining after the erection of the statue of Everett just 
mentioned. The contract for the 
statue was made with Thomas 
Ball in December, 1859, and 
the model was completed in a 
little more than four years. 
The war was then waging, and 
the foundries were all engaged 
upon work for the government. 
It was not until 1867 that a 
contract was made for the cast- 
ing with the Ames Manufac- 
turing Company, of Chicopee. 
The statue was unveiled on the 
3d of July, 1869. It is a mat- 
ter of no little local pride that 
all the artists and artisans em- 
ployed in its production were 
furnished by Massachusetts, 
witliout any help from abroad. 
The statue represents Wash- 
ington at a different period of 
his life from that usually se- 
lected by artists, and is all the 
more effective and original on 
that account. The outline is gi^aceful, and perfectly natural from every point of view, 
d,nd the work reveals new beauties the more it is examined. It was cast in fourteen 
pieces, but the joints are invisible. The extreme height of the pedestal and statue 
is thirty-eight feet, the statue itself being twenty-two feet high. The foundation, 
which rests upon piles, is of solid masonry, eleven feet deep. The lamented Gov- 
ernor Andrew was one of the original committee which undertook the direction of 
this work, but he died before its completion. 

Close by one of the busiest spots in Boston is one of those ancient landmarks 
which the good sense and the good taste of its citizens have thus far preserved. It 
has been remarked that the irregular piece of territory bounded by Beacon, Tremont, 
and Park Streets was originally a part of the Common. In 1660 it became neces- 
sary to appropriate new space to resting-places for the dead, and the thrifty habits 
of our forefathers would not suffer them to buy land for the purpose when they were 
already in possession of a great tract lying in common. Accordingly, in the year 
before mentioned, the graveyard now known as the Old Granary Burying-ground 
was established. Two years afterwards, other portions of the territory now lost to 




' -_:i.'^^|^,j->^^^^^>^j 



THE WASHINGTON STATUE. 



34 



BOSTON ILL US TEA TED. 



the Common wei-e appropriated for sites for the bridewell, house of correctioii, 
almshouse, and public granary. The last-named building, which stood at first near 
the head of Park Street, and afterwards on the present site of the meeting-house, 
gave to the burying-ground the name by which it is so commonly designated. This 
is, without exception, the most interesting of the old Boston graveyards. Within 
this little enclosure lie the remains of some of the most eminent men in the history 

of Massachusetts and 
the country. The 
list includes no less 
than nine Governors 
of the Colony and 
State ; two of tlie 
signers of the Dec- 
laration of Indepen- 
dence ; Paul Revere, 
the patriotic me- 
chanic ; Peter Fan- 
euil, the donor of 
the market - house 
and hall that bear 
his name ; Judge 
Samuel Sewall ; six 
famous doctors of 
divinity ; the first 
mayor of Boston ; 
and a great many 
others of whom ev- 
ery student of Amer- 
ican history has read. 
Upon the front of 

one of the tombs, on the side next to Park Street Church, is a small white marble 
slab with the inscription, "No. 16. Tomb of Hancock," which is all that marks 
the resting-place of the famous first signer of the Declaration of Independence, 
and the first Governor of Massachusetts under the Constitution. In another part 
of the yard is the grave of the great Revolutionary patriot and Governor of the 
Commonwealth, Samuel Adams. Near the Tremont House corner of the burying- 
ground are the graves of the victims of the Boston Massacre of 1770. The most 
conspicuous monument is that erected in 1827 over the grave where repose the 
parents of Benjamin Franklin ; it contains the epitaph composed by the great 
man, who, "in filial regard to their memory, placed this stone." Even the briefest 
reference to the notable persons who lie buried here would extend this sketch unduly. 
The view on this page was made for a former edition of this work. The row of 
stately but then already mutilated elms, which stood in front of the burying-ground 
at the time, have since been cut down. They were imported from England, and 
after having been for a time in a nursery at Milton, were set out here by Captain 
Adino Paddock, from whom ,the mall now takes its name, in or about 1762. Pad- 




ENTRANCE TO THE GRANARY BURYING-GROUND. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



35 



dock was a loyalist, and a leader of the party in Boston. He left town with the 
British troops in 1776, removed to Halifax, and thence went to England ; but upon 
receiving a government appointment in the Island of Jersey he removed thither, and 
lived there until his death, in 1807. He was a carriage-builder, and his shop stood 
opposite the row of trees which he planted and cared for. The elms were carefully 
protected during the occupation of the town by the British. Until within a few years 
their right to cast a grateful shade upon the throng of pedestrians constantly passing 
and repassing on Tremont Street was respected. But in spite of very strong re- 
monstrances by the press and private citizens they were at last cut down. They 
had previously been mutilated in the most uncalled-for manner, perhaps pur- 
posely to prepare the way, by taking away their grace and beauty, for the final 
destruction. 

The large open spaces in this part of the city have made it a desirable section for 
residences. It is but lately that business has driven almost all the inhabitants of 
houses on the easterly side of Tremont Street to remove elsewhere in Boston. The 
other streets that bound the public grounds have not been invaded. Boylston, 
Arlington, Park, and Beacon Streets are 
still among the favorite streets in the 
city for dwelling-houses. The last-named 
street is, perhaps, the greatest favorite of 
all, especially upon the hill opposite the 
Common, and upon the water side below 
Charles Street. Near the top of the hill, 
on this street, stood, until a few years 
ago, the Hancock mansion, one of the 
most famous of the old buildings of Bos- 
ton that have been compelled to make i^ftS 
way for modern improvements. This 
house was in itself and in its surround- 
ings one of the most elegant mansions in 
the city, thaugh the style of architecture 
had wholly gone out oi fashion long be- 
fore it was taken down. It was built 
by Thomas Hancock in 1737, and was inherited by Governor John Hancock. 
Both uncle and nephew were exceedingly hospitable, and were accustomed to en- 
tertain the Governor and Council and other distinguished guests annually on "Ar- 
tillery Election Day" ; and it is said that every Governor of Massachusetts under the 
Constitution, until the demolition, was entertained once at least within this mansion. 
The house was taken down in 1863, and on the site now stand two of the finest free- 
stone-front houses in "the city. 

Not far away, on the corner of Beacon and Park Streets, is the spacious mansion of 
the late George Ticknor. This house was erected many years ago, and was at first 
designed to be very much larger than it was subsequently when occupied. The 
original owner erected the corner house and the two adjoining dwelling-houses on 
Beacon Street as a single residence, but the plan was afterwards changed, and what 
was originally intended for one dwelling-house became three, all of ample size. 




THE OLD HANCOCK HOUSE. 



36 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Mr. Ticknor bought the corner liouse of the late Harrison Gray Otis, and began 
to reside there about the year 1830 ; and it was his Boston home until his death in 
1870. 

On the slope of the hill, nearly opposite the foot of the Common, stands the 
dwelling-house occupied by Mr. Ticknor' s friend, the historian Prescott, during 

. .^=^_^==s=^,_=^>:^. the last fourteen 

years of his life. 
It is unpreten- 
tious in archi- 
tecture, but it 
was litted with- 
in in a style of 
great elegance, 
and was ar- 
ranged specially 
: i with reference 
;i| to Mr. Pres- 
P'.lll cott's infirmity 
III 'J ' of blindness. 
p- In it the great- 
er part of the 
work upon his 
famous histo- 
ries of the vari- 
ous Spanish 
conquests w^as 
done. To this 
house he re- 
moved, in 1845, 
from his former home in Bedford Street, and in it he died in 1859, 

Our space does not admit of a full account of the filling in of the Back Bay lands, 
— that great improvement by which hundreds of acres have been added to the 
territoi'ial extent of Boston and millions of dollars put into the State treasury. 
A few facts and dates only can be given. Private enterprise had already suggested 
this great improvement when the State first asserted its right to a part of the flats 
in 1852. The owners of land fronting on the water had claimed and exercised 
the right to fill in to low-water mark. In this way the Neck, south of Dover 
Street, had been very greatly widened. Commissioners were appointed in 1852 to 
adjust and decide all questions relating to the rights of claimants of flats, and to 
devise a plan of improvement. Progress Avas necessarily slow where so many inter- 
ests were involved, but at last all disputes were settled, and the filling was be- 
gun in good earnest. No appropriation has ever been made for work to be done 
on the Commonwealth's flats ; the bills have been more than paid from the very 
start by the sales of land. The most recent reports of the commissioners show 
that the proceeds of sales have reached the sum of nearly four million dollars, 
and the total expenses have been less than a million and three quarters, leaving 




MR. PKESCOT 



UKACON STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



37 



more than two million dollars net profit to the Commonwealth. About half a mil- 
lion feet of land still remain unsold, and it is expected that a million and a half of 
dollars clear profit will be realized from it. This is altogether independent of the 
land filled by the Boston Water Power Company, and by other corporations and 
individual owners. It was originally intended that there should be in the district 








r 




COMMONWEALTH AVENUE. 

filled by the State a sheet of water, to be called Silver Lake, but the idea was sub- 
sequently abandoned. A very wide avenue was, however, laid out through it, to be 
in the nature of a park, and the plan is in process of being carried out. When 
completed, Commonwealth Avenue will be a mile and a half in length, with a width 
of two hundred and forty feet between the houses on each side. Through the centre 
runs a long park in which rows of trees have been planted, and these will, in time, 
make this avenue one of the most beautiful parks in the country. There are wide 
driveways on either side ; and the terms of sale compel the maintenance of an open 
space between each house and the ample sidewalks. In the centre of the park, near 
Arlington Street, stands the granite statue of Alexander Hamilton, presented to 
the city in 1865 by Thomas Lee, Esq., who subsequently erected, at his own ex- 
pense, the "Ether Monument" in the Public Garden, before mentioned. P>eacon 
Street has been extended to the Brookline boundary, and a very large part of the 
land filled and sold by the Commonwealth, between Beacon and Boylston Stieets, 
has been built upon. The nomenclature of the streets in this territory is ingenious, 
and far preferable to the lettering and numbering adopted in other cities. To the 
north of Commonwealth Avenue is Marlborough Street, and to the south Newbury 
Street, which names were formerly applied to parts of Washington Street, before it 
was consolidated. The streets running north and south are named alphabetically, 
alternating three syllables and two, — Arlington, Berkeley, Clarendon, Dartmouth, 
and so on. 

Within the limits of the West End district are many of the finest churches in 
the city proper, and the movement of the religious societies westward and south- 
ward is exhibiting no signs of cessation. Some of the oldest societies in town 



38 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



have already emigrated to the Back Bay, and the more ancient parts of the city, 
whence population has largely removed, arc comparatively bare of houses of worship. 
This is particularly true of the central section, now almost exclusively devoted to 

business. 

"The First Church in Boston," Unitarian, properly claims the first attention. 

Allusion has been made al- 
"%_ ready to the first and second 

houses of this society, in State 
and Washington Streets. The 
site of Joy's Building, near 
State Street, was used by the 
society from 1639 until 1807, 
when it removed to Chauncy 
Street, and thence in Decem- 
ber, 1868, to the new edifice 
on the corner of JNIarlborough 
and Berkeley Streets. This 
church was built at a cost of 
two hundred and seventy-five 
thousand dollars, and is one 
of the most beautiful speci- 
mens of architecture in Bos- 
ton. Especially fine are the 
carriage-porch and the vesti- 
bule on the Berkeley Street 
front. The windows are all 
of colored glass, and were exe- 
cuted in England. The organ, 
which is one of the best in 
the city, was manufactured in Gei'many l)y the builders of the Music Hall organ. In 
every part of the building, within and without, are evidences of excellent taste and 
judgment, such as can seldom be seen in the churches of this country. The church 
can seat nearly one thousand persons. 

On the corner of Boylston and Arlington Streets stands the first church erected 
on the Back Bay lands of the Commonwealth. This society, like that of the First 
Church, is attached to the Unitarian denomination. It is, however, the successor 
of the first Presbyterian church gathered in Boston. It was established in 1727, 
and its first place of worship was a barn, somewhat transformed to adapt it to its 
new use, at the corner of Berry Street and Long Lane, now Channing and Federal 
Streets. The second house, on the same site, was erected in 1744, and within it met 
th© Convention that ratified the Constitution of the United States on the part of 
Massachusetts, in 1788. It was from this circumstance that Federal Street received 
its name. In 1786 the Church had become small in numbers, and by a formal vote 
it renounced the Presbyterian form and adopted the Congregational system. Having 
occupied for fifty years the third house on the original site, erected in 1809, the 
society was coini)elled, by the invasion of business and the removals of its people, 




FIRST CHURCH, BERKELEY STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



39 



to build the house in which it now worships. During the nearly one hundred and 
fifty years since the foundation of this society, it has had but six pastors, though there 
was one interval of ten years when it had no regular pastor. The most noted of this 
brief list was the _ __ _ _ -^ _^ 

Rev. Dr. Chan- 
ning, who was 
pastor from 1803 
until his death in 
1842. The Rev. 
Ezra S. Gannett 
was ordained 
and installed as 
colleague pastor 
in 1824, and re- 
mained col- 
league and sole 
pastor until his 
melancholy 
death in August, 
1871, in the ter- 
rible accident at 
Revere. The va- 
cancy lias been 
filled by the 
choice of the 
Rev. John F. 
W.Ware, former- 
ly of Baltimore. 
Tlie church, on 

Arlington Street, is built of freestone, and is a fine structure, though less ornate in its 
architecture than many others. Its tower contains an excellent chime of bells. 

The early settlers of New England were not quite so tolerant towards other creeds 
than their own as they wished others to be to theirs. This is illustrated by their 
treatment of the Baptists. The doctrine of that denomination was pronounced 
" abominable," and those who held it were subject to annoyances without number. In 
1665 a church was formed in Charlestown in conformity with the permission of the 
King's commissioners to all people to worship God as they chose. But as soon as the 
representatives of the crown were gone the court summoned the members to answer 
for not attending church. When they pleaded in defence their own "meeting," the 
court regarded it as an additional aggravation, and fined all the culprits. They re- 
fused to pay and were sent to jail, where they remained three years. When at last 
they petitioned to be released, the former judgment Avas confirmed, and they were sent 
back to prison. The persecution continued, and generally with considerable activity, 
until 1680. Two years before that time the Baptists erected their first meeting-house, 
and having a well-grounded fear that if their purpose was discovered it would be 
thwarted, they did not allow it to be known until the building was completed for what 




40 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



object it was intended. Even after it had been occupied the society found the door 
nailed up one Sunday morning by the marshal, by the order of the court. But in 

later days the Baptist denomination 
occupied a church whose spire reached 
farther towards heaven than that of 
any other church in the city, — the 
building standing on higher ground 
than any other, and having a sjnre two 
hundred feet high. This structure is 
on Somerset Street, and was built in 
1858, of brick covered with mastic. 
It still stands, although the society 
has found a new home at the South 
End. There have been but fifteen 
pastors of this church in over two 
centuries. The Mount Vernon Congre- 
gational Church, near this building, 
i was long under the pastorate of the 
Rev. Dr. Kirk. 

Between the Common and the Gran- 
ary Burying-ground stands one of the 
leading churches of the Trinitarian 
Congregational denomination. The 
congi-egation of Park Street Church 
was gathered in 1809. It took at once, 
and has ever since maintained, a prom- 
inent position among the churches of 
the city. Its pastors have been able 
and popular men, the last of whom 
was the brilliant preacher and elo- 
quent lecturer, the Eev. W. H. H. 
Murray. Mr. Murray's pastorate extended over six years, and during its continu- 
ance the church was uniformly crowded with interested and attentive listeners. Since 
that time he has preached with equal success to an indej)endent church which he 
formed in Music Hall. The present pastor of the Park Street Church is theRev. 
Dr. Withrow, formerly of Indianapolis. 

The history of the society known as the Central Church is brief. The congregation 
was gathered in 1835 to worship in the Odeon, under the name of the Franklin 
Church. In May, 1841, the corner-stone of a new church was laid on Winter Street, 
and the edifice having been completed, was dedicated on the last day of the same 
year, the society having a week previously assumed its present name. The transfor- 
mation of Winter Street into a great centre of retail trade compelled the abandon- 
ment of the church on this site, and in the fall of 1867 the present elegant house, 
which had been several years in building, was dedicated. It is built of Roxbury 
stone with sandstone trimmings, and cost, including the land, upwards of three hun- 
dred and twenty-five thousand dollars. A heavy debt, which for some time oppressed 




SOMERSET STREET, WITH CHURCH. 



BOSTON ILLUiiTRATED, 



41 



the society in con- 
sequence of this 
enormous expendi- 
ture, has lately been 
wholly extinguished. 
The great gale of 
September, 1869, 
blew over one of the 
pinnacles of the 
spire, which is the 
tallest in the city, 
upon the main build- 
ing, and caused se- 
rious damage, which 
required several 
months to repair. 
The interior of this 
church, notwith- 
standing an excess 
of color, is remarka- 
bly beautiful. 

The latest comers 
to the Back Bay 
lands are three important 
societies, one of which is 
Unitarian, a second Trinita- 
rian Congregational, and the 
third Episcopalian. The his- 
tory of the Brattle Square 
Church has already been told 
in the preceding chapter ; 
that of the Old South Society 
still properly belongs in the 
chapter describing the dis- 
trict wherein the old church 
still stands. The history of 
Trinity, whose old house was 
destroyed while the new one 
is yet unfinished, may be 
told here. Trinity parish is 
an oifshoot from the King's 
Chapel congregation. In 
1728 that church had be- 
come so crowded that it was 
proposed to erect a new Epis- 
copal church for the southern 
part of the town. It was not, 
however, until 1734, that the 




FAKK STKEfc-T CHUKCH. 




CENTRAL CHURCH, BERKELEY STKKET. 



42 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

corner-stone of Trinity was laid at the corner of Hawley and Summer Streets. In 
1735 the building was opened for worship, and some years later the Eev. Addington 
Davenport became its first rector. The original edifice was of wood, with neither 
tower nor external ornament. It was a plain, barn-like structure, with a gambrel 
roof, and standing gable-end to Summer Street. Inside, however, it was the most 
elegant church of the day in Boston. General Washington attended service in the 
old Trinity Church when he was in Boston in 1789. This church very early became 
one of the most famous Episcopal churches in Massachusetts. Its rectors were men 
of remarkable eloquence, and perhaps there have been more bishops appointed from 
the list of its ministers and assistant ministers than from any other church in the 
country. In 1828 the- old wooden structure was taken down, and the late handsome 
granite structure erected on its site. Until within a few years the congregation had 
been well accommodated in and entirely satisfied with its church building. But the 
gi-owth of business all about it, driving the worshippers to the South and West 
Ends, made Trinity inaccessible to very many of the old congregation. Just as the 
church was beginning to languish from this cause, the Rev. Phillips Brooks became 
its rector, and the condition of afiairs was quickly changed. Previously members of 
the congregation who found themselves inconvenienced by the distance to church 
quietly dropj^ed away and went somewhere else. This was not now to be thought 
of. The pews were all taken and all tilled, and there arose a clamor for a removal to 
a more eligible situation. All the preliminary steps had been taken when the fire 
of November, 1872, settled the matter irrevocably by destroying the old church. 

The new Trinity Church was consecrated February 9, 1877, whtin a procession of 
three bishops and one hundred and four surpliced clergymen entered the main portal. 
It stands on the triangular lot of land at the junction of Huntington and St. James 
Avenues and Clarendon Street. The cost of the laud and building was about 
$ 800,000. It is 160 feet long,' 120 feet wide at the transepts, the height of the nave 
being 63 feet, and to the ceiling of the towei* 103 feet. The chancel is 57 feet deep 
and 53 feet wide, and contains several rich stained windows, a brass lectern, and a beau- 
tiful marble font. The tinial on the tower is 211 feet from the ground, and this im- 
mense and ponderous square tower is a conspicuous object from many parts of the 
city and harbor. It is roofed with red tiles from Akron, Ohio, with crockets along 
the corner-slopes. The four sustaining piers are of Westerly granite, five feet square 
in section, plastered over and painted in deep colors, and resting on four unseen 
pyramids of blocks of stone weighing from one to four tons each. These are 17 feet 
high, being 35 feet square at the base and 7 feet at th(3 top, and rest on piles, 
2,000 of Avhich were driven closely in the tower space, and bound together with two 
feet depth of concrete. The walls of the church are of reddish Dedham and Westerly 
granite ashlar, Avith Longmeadow sandstone trimmings. The shape is that of a 
Latin cross, with a semicircular ajjse at the east, and short transepts. It is con- 
nected with its chapel by a handsome cloister. The interior is finished with black 
walnut, and is lighted by many brilliant pictured windows. The sexton is present 
in the church from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. daily, and may be called at the side-door on 
Huntington Avenue. No visitors are admitted on Saturdays. 

The frescos in Trinity Church are being done by John La Farge and several assist- 
ants, and are in encaustic painting, the colors being protected from dampness by a 



BO ST ox IL L US TEA TED. 



42 a 




THE NEW TRINITY CHURCH, 
CORNER OF CLARENDON STREET AND HUNTINGTON AVENUE. 

THILLIPS BROOKS, Rector. 

Gambrlll and Richardson. Architects. John T.a FarcTc, assisted by Francis A. Lathrop and on.cr artists. 
Fainter of the Frescos. 



42 & 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



mixture of wax and other substances. In the great tower he has painted colossal 
figures of David and Moses, Peter and Paul, and Isaiah and Jeremiah, with several 
scriptural scenes high above ; and in the nave is a fresco of Christ andthe Samaritan 
woman. When the interior shall have received all its frescos, and the sculptures 
on the outside are finished, this will be one of the most notable of American churches. 
The style of its construction is a free rendering of the French Ptomanesque, as seen 
in the pyramidal-towered churches of Auvergne, and it endeavors to exemplify the 
grandeur and repose of the eleventh-century architecture in Aquitaine. 

Another important ecclesiastical establishment is Emanuel Church, occupying a 
handsome stone building on Newbury Street, not far from Trinity Church. This 
society is eminent for its large contributions for charitable and missionary purposes. 
The Church of the Advent is another society in the same sect as Trinity, and truly 
the peaceful fraternity existing between two such apparently diverse sections shows 
the marvellous breadth of Anglicanism. The Church of the Advent was founded in 
1844, and now meets in the building on Bowdoin Street which was once occui)ied by 
Lyman Beecher's Congregational Church, when Lowell 
Mason led the music. It is faithfully ministered to 
by mission priests of the English order of St. John the 
Evangelist, who retain the free-seat system, frequent 
communions, semi-daily services, crosses, and burn- 
ing candles on the altar, and a beautiful and impressive 
loral service. There are about 500 communicants. 

The society has be- 
gun to erect a pile 
of buildings on 
loAver Mount Ver- 
^' J non Street, to con- 

sist of church, 
chapel, clergy- 
house, and other 
departments. 

Tlie new Old 
South Church is 
n ear Trinity 
Clnirch, at the cor- 
ner of Boylston and 
Dartmouth Streets, 
fronting 200 feet on 
the former and 90 
feet on the latter. 
It is a superb edi- 
fice of Eoxbury 
and Ohio stone 
THE NEW OLD SOUTH CHURCH. .^^^^ gQg^; nearly 

$500,000. The form is that of a cross, 90 x 198 feet in area, with 900 sittings ; 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 42 c 

and the architecture is the North-Italian Gothic. The great tower is an imposing 
structure, 248 feet high, with rich combinations of colored stones and graceful win- 
dows. An arcade, sheltering inscribed tablets, runs thence to the south transept. 
Along the walls is a belt of gray sandstone, delicately carved to represent vines and 
fruit, among which animals and birds are seen. The vestibule is paved with red, 
white, and green marbles, and is separated from the nave by a high carved screen of 
Caen stone, supported on columns of Lisbon marble, and crowned by gables and 
finials. At the intersection of the arms of the cross the roof opens up into a lantern, 
20 feet square, and covered on the outside by a pointed dome of copper, partly gilded. 
The effect of the interior, finished in cherry-wood and frescoed, is brilliant, rather 
than solemn. The window back of the pulpit cost $2,500, and represents the an- 
nouncement of Christ's birth to the shepherds. The south transept window illus- 
trates the five parables ; that in the north transept, the five miracles ; and those 
in the nave, the prophets and apostles. The organ has 55 stops and 3,240 pipes. 
There are three fine panels of Venetian mosaic over the heads of the doorways. In 
the rear of the church are the chapel and parsonage. 

The Second Church occupies a neat little brownstone church on the same square 
with Trinity and the Old South. The present pastor is the Rev. Robert Laird Col- 
lier, who succeeded Chandler Robbins. The service is very beautiful, and is largely 
choral in its character. The Second Church was anciently known as the Old North 
Church, and was founded in 1648, on North Square. It was the "Church of the 
Mathers," the three venerable doctors, Samuel, Increase, and Cotton Mather, having 
occupied the pulpit for 65 years of its first century. Ralph Waldo Emerson was 
minister of this society from 1829 to 1832, and was succeeded, in 1833, by the Rev. 
Chandler Robbins. 

The Museum of Fine Arts is on Art Square, near Trinity Church, at the corner of 
Huntington Avenue and Dartmouth Street, and will ultimately be a large pile of 
buildings enclosing two courts by a double quadrangle. The architecture is Italian 
Gothic, and the material is brick, with rich and abundant exterior trimmings, 
mouldings, and roundels in red and buff terra-cotta work. The main front is 
already finished, and faces Art Square, with a projecting portico in the centre, enriched 
with polished marble columns. The right wing is adorned with a great bas-relief 
representing Art receiving the tributes of all nations ; and the left wing is to have 
a companion-piece, illustrating the union of Art and Industry. 

On Saturdays and Sunday afternoons admission to the JMuseum is free ; and on 
other days twenty-five cents is charged. Another quarter purchases the two valu- 
able historical and descriptive catalogues, without which it is impossible to ade- 
([uately understand and fully enjoy the collections. 

The basement contains the studios and lecture-rooms of the School of Art, a recent 
but very popular foundation. The entrance-hall has statuary by Crawford, Green- 
ough, Harriet Hosmer, and others ; pottery of the mound-builders. Moors, Kabyles, 
Spaniards, and the Chelsea pottery ; trophies of armor, Gobelin tapestry, and an- 
tii^ues from Rome and the Alhambra. The adjacent rooms on this floor contain 
more than 200 large casts from classic and Renaissance statuary and marbles, antiqui- 
ties from Cyprus, and the marvellous Way Collection of Egyptian antiquities. On the 
second floor are the paintings belonging to the Museum and the Athenaeum, with 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 42 e 

many others left here on loan, the whole number being over 200, and including 
works by Guido, Fra Bartolommeo, Guereino, Orcagna, Canaletti, A, Caracci, Gior- 
dano, Dow, Kuysdael, Rubens, Teniers, Cranach, Holbein, Cuyp, Velazquez, Greuze, 
and other ancient mastei's; and Reynolds, West, Constable, Gainsborough, Lawrence, 
Lely, Turner, Boughton, Brion, Corot, Troyon, Dore, Daubigny, Scheffer, Millet, 
Couture, Courbet, Copley, Stuart, Allston, Trumbull, Kensett, Hunt, and other mod- 
ern masters. In the other rooms -are rich tapestries, ancient carved panels and 
chests, Japanese and Oriental curiosities, rare embroideries, a large collection of por- 
celain, majolica, and Sevres ware, and all manner of carved ivory and precious stones, 
mediaeval religious jewelry, medals and vases, ancient weapons, and line laces. In 
the third story are series of chromo- lithographs and photographs from drawings by 
the old masters. All these collections are minutely described in the Museum cata- 
logues. 

The triangular open place in front of Trinity Church has for some years been in- 
formally called Art Square, in recognizance of the rich treasures of art and architec- 
ture surrounding it. From this point the noble boulevard of Huntington Avenue 
stretches away to the southwest for nearly a mile, with a width of 100 feet, and 
is in process of extension for more than a mile farther, to the intersection of 
Tremont and Francis Streets. With the exception of the great apartment-building 
of the Hotel Huntington, close to Art Square, there are no houses on this avenue ; 
and the width and smoothness of the roadway make it a favorite place for driving. 

The Hotel Brunswick is at the corner of Boylston and Clarendon Streets, in the 
opulent West-End (juarter, and is an immense six-story brick and sandstone build- 
ing, containing 350 rooms, and costing nearly $1,000,000. It was built in 1874, and 
is sumptuously adorned and furnished inside, having two large dining-halls with 
marble floors and Pompeian walls, and a rich and costly mediceval j)arlor. The 
Brunswick is kept on the American plan, and has been very successful. 

The Brattle-Square Church stands at' the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and 
Clarendon Street, and is in the form of a Greek cross, with three rose-windows light- 
ing the interior, which is 78 feet high, and surmounted by a basilica roof of 
stained ash. The organ is very large and richly colored. The material of the 
building is Roxbury stone ; and the idea of the architect, to definitely express mas- 
sivcness and solidity, has been well maintained. The most striking feature is the 
ponderous square tower, 176 feet high, which is surrounded (near the top) by a 
frieze containing colossal figures in high relief, carved by Italian sculptors, from 
Bartholdi's designs, after the rougli stones had been placed in position. The four 
groups represent the four Christian eras. Baptism, Communion, Marriage, and Death, 
— one on each face of the tower, — and at the corners of the frieze are colossal statues 
typifying the Angels of the Judgment, with golden trumpets. This church has been 
closed for several years, the socit^ty being small and embarrassed by debt. 

Near this point, in the Commonwealth- Avenue Park, is a large bronze statue of 
Gen. John Glover, the commander of the Marblehead marine regiment in the Conti- 
nental army. This fine work of art was designed by Martin Milmore, and pre- 
sented to the city by Mr. B. T. Reed in 1875. 

The palace-quarter to the west of Arlington Street and north of Boylston Street 
contains many interesting specimens of domestic architecture, in the wide variety of 



42/ BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

styles for which Boston is so famous. The predominant styles are the New Greek 
{neo-Grec), the French Renaissance, and the English Gothic. In all this region there 
is not a shoj) nor a store of any kind. There are, however, several large apartment- 
hotels conducted on the French system of suites ; among which are the Vendome, a 
splendid marble building at the corner of Commonwealth Avenue and Dartmouth 
Street ; the Cluny, opposite Trinity Church ; the Berkeley and the Kempton, on 
Berkeley Street ; and the Hamilton and the Agassiz, on Commonwealth Avenue. 

Commonwealth Avenue is now finished for nearly a mile, leading in a straight line 
from the Public Garden to West Chester Park, from whence it will ultimately be 
prolonged to the intersection of Beacon Street and Brighton Avenue, on the Brookliue 
side, deflecting from a straight course at the line of the new Back- Bay Park. 

The offices of Boston University are at No. 20 Beacon Street, and form the nucleus 
of a great Methodist institution, founded and richly endowed in 1869, and consisting 
of a group of colleges and schools, attended by about 500 young men and 150 3'oung 
women. There are large and successful schools of law, theology, and medicine con- 
nected with the University, situated in various parts of the city. 

The building at the corner of Beacon and Somerset Streets is the Vatican of Con- 
gregationalism, and contains the offices of the denominational paper, the head-quarters 
and museum of the American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions, the rooms 
of the Congregational Club, Pilgrim Hall, and the Congregational Library, a collection 
of over 20, 000 volumes and 60, 000 pamphlets in a handsome fire-proof hall. Who does 
not know the heroic deeds and consecrated enterprise of the missionaries of the Amer- 
ican Board, who have established centres of Christianity and civilization throughout 
Asia, Africa, and the Pacific Islands? They have reduced nearly thirty barbarous 
languages to writing, published the Bible in scores of diff'erent tongues, and founded 
thousands of schools among the heathen. For more than thirty years this society 
occupied the building at No. 33 Pemberton Square, from which hundreds of devoted 
missionaries have gone out to the ends of the earth. Over the north portal of this 
building the words "Missionary House" are deeply carved. The house now occu- 
pied by the Congregational societies was built just after the War of 1812, on the site of 
the first stone house in Boston, and was for a long time held by tl*e Somerset Club. 

There are two other large libraries in this section, belonging to the New-Eng- 
land Historic, Genealogical Society and the Massachusetts Historical Society. The 
former is at No. 18 Somerset Street, in the handsome stone building pertaining to 
the society, and contains 12,000 volumes and a small collection of antiquities. The 
society was founded in 1844, and has about four hundred members, each of whom, 
after his election, gives a written account of his descent. The chief object of this 
organization is the study and publication of historical and genealogical facts about 
New England and her people ; and the results of its researches have been sent out 
in more than a score of goodly tomes. The building which it now occupies was dedi- 
cated in 1871, and cost about $40,000, all of which was paid by subscriptions. The 
collections here are accessible to all students of history, and are in constant use. 
The next house to that of the society, on the south, was the birthplace of Rear- Ad- 
miral C. H. Davis, who destroyed the Confederate fleet off" Memphis, in 1862. The 
Massachusetts Historical Society is in the granite building next to King's Chapel, on 
Tremont Street, and has a library of 25,000 volumes and 1,000 volumes of manuscripts. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 43 

Many ancient portraits adorn the walls, while relics of "Washington and the Puritan 
governors and of King Philip, the chair of Gov. Winslow, and the swords of Gov. 
Carver and Church, the Indian-fighter, are carefully preserved here. The most 
interesting of the portraits are those of Increase Mather and Sebastian Cabot. 
Among the manuscripts are voluminous writings of Gov. Winthrop, Gov. Hutchin- 
son (eleven volumes), the historian Hubbard, Gov. Jonathan Trumbull of Connecti- 
cut, the Rev. Dr. Jeremy Belknap, and other New England worthies, and the 
manuscript of Washington's address to the officers of the American awiiy. Another 
rare curiosity is a copy of the Indian P)ible, which was translated by the Apostle 
Eliot, and cannot now be read by any person living. The innermost room is occu- 
pied by the Dowse Library, a bequest of nearly 5,000 richly bound books, precious 
by reason of their rarity and antiquity. The society which occupies these beautiful 
and commodious rooms is the oldest of its kind in America, and includes among its 
membership many of the most honored names of New England. No one who is 
interested in American antiquarianism should leave Boston without visiting this 
building, which is open daily. 

In the rear of the Historical Building and King's Chapel was the ancient Latin 
School, from which School Street derived its name. It was founded in 1634, and 
among its students Avere Franklin, Hancock, Sam Adams, Cotton Mather, Robert 
Treat Paine, and Sir William Pepperell. About the year 1750 the school was 
removed to the present site of the Parker House, and here Harrison Gray Otis, 
Robert C. Winthrop, Horatio Greenougli, Charles Sumner, and others who became 
renowned, conned their lessons through the long days of their youth. A little far- 
ther east, near the site of the City Hall, was the house of Isaac Johnson, one of the 
first settlers of Boston; and James Otis, the Revolutionary orator, lived close by. 
Farther down School Street was the ancient church of the French Huguenots, built 
in 1704, and presented with a Bible by Queen Anne, and with a communion-service 
by Mr. Faneuil. On Tremont Row% in this vicinity, was the court-quarter of old 
Boston, where stood the houses of Governor Endicott, Sir Harry Vane, and Richard 
Bellingham, and the eminent divines Cotton, Oxenbridge, and Davenport. 

To those for whom the sacred quietness and bookish odor of a great library have 
fascinating attractions, this part of Boston is full of perennial interest. The State 
Library is a collection of many thousands of volumes, enshrined in the State House, 
and occupying a handsome hall nearly forty feet high and eighty-eight feet long, 
furnished with galleries and alcoves. Here are kept valuable and interesting maps 
of the State, and ingenious statistical and economic charts of the same. The Gen- 
eral Theological Library is at No. 12 West Street, and contains several thousaml 
theological works, and the current numbers of the religious periodicals and reviews. 
This is a circulating library, and its contents go far and wide through New England, 
especially among the rural clergy, Sunday-school teachers, and divinity students. 
Its avowed object is "to benefit all religious denominations, and to promote the 
interests of religion and the increase of theological learning." In Hamilton Place 
are found the libraries and reading-rooms of the New-Church Union and the Epis- 
copal Church Association ; the Methodist head -quarters is on Bromfield Street, the 
American Unitarian Association on Tremont Place, and the American and Foreign 
Christian Union on Winter Street. 



44 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Plans are now being devised to remove the Public Library, the largest collection 
of books in America, to a new home on the Back Bay, where it is proposed to dedi- 
cate an entire square to this purpose, erecting a stately building, and surrounding it 
with ornamental grounds. Something of this kind will doubtless be done, at no 
distant day. 

The Public Library of Boston is one of the most beneficent institutions that has 
been conceived by its public-spirited and liberal citizens. The immense library, 
which has been collected in the short space of twenty-three years, is valuable not 

only from the vari- 
ety, excellence, and 
number of volumes 
it contains, but from 
its accessibility. It 
is absolutely open to 
I all, and no assess- 
ment, direct or in- 
(lii-ect, is levied upon 
those who make use 
of its privileges. Cit- 
izens and residents 
of Boston only, how- 
ever, are allowed to 
cai'ry books away 
from the building. It 
is conducted, too, on 
the most liberal prin- 
ciples. If a purchas- 
able book not in the 
library is asked for, 
it is ordered at once ; 
and the inquirer for 
it is notified when it 

is received. Although the idea of a free public library had been entertained much 
earlier, it was not until 1852 that this institution was actually established. Very 
soon after the board of trustees was organized, Joshua Bates, Esq., a native of 
Massachusetts, but at that time of the house of Baring Brothers & Co^ of London, 
gave to the city the sum of fifty thousand dollars, the income of which he desired 
should be expended in the purchase of books. The ujiper hall of the library build- 
ing has been named Bates Hall in compliment to him. Generous donations and 
bequests by many wealthy and large-hearted men and women have swelled the per- 
manent fund of the Public Library to one hundred and five thousand dollars. The 
number of books added during the year ending May, 1878, was nearly 34,000, and 
of pamphlets, about 17,000, making a total at the date of the last Keport of 346,000 
books, besides such of the 212,000 pamphlets added to the library as have not been 
bound singly or in groups and included in the number of volumes just stated. The 
circulation during the last year amounted to nearly 1,200,000 separate issues. The 
Boston Public Library is thus the first in the country in the number of issues, and 




BOSTON PURLIC LIBRARY. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



45 



superior in number of volumes to the Library of Congress. The library, which has 
been in its present quarters about twenty-six years, has outgrown the original 
capacity of the building, and various devices have to be resorted to in order to 
accommodate the large number of new volumes added annually. In 1871 the 
library of Spanish and Portuguese books and manuscripts belonging to the late 
George Ticknor, Esq., were placed in the library, in accordance with his will. This 
alone added more than 4,000 volumes and manuscripts to the library, and to pro- 
vide for future accessions the interior was remodelled largely, the result being to 
increase the capacity of the hall from 200,000 to 350,000 volumes. In 1873 the 
famous Barton Library of New York, numbering about 12,000 volumes, one of the 
finest piivate libraries in the country, and especially rich in Shakespearian litera- 
ture, was purchased. Alterations are also contemplated to increase the capacity of 
the Lower Hall (central popular department), which is becoming crowded. Branches 
of the Boston Public Library have been opened in East and South Boston, Roxbury, 
and Dorchester, while the libraries of Charlestown and Brighton became branches 
by annexation. These branches have from four to eighteen thousand volumes each. 

The building 
of the Boston _ ^zr^JT^ ^:if=_ ^^l^^^^ ^=-=:^ _ 

Athenaium, sit- ^ ^ 

uated on Bea- 
con Street, not 
far from the 
head of Park 
Street, is an 
elegant struc- 
ture, built of 
freestone, in 
the later Ital- 
ian style of ai- 
ch ite ct ure 
T li e corner- 
stone was laid 
in April, 1847, 
and the build- 
ing, which cost 
nearly 200,000 
dollai's, was oc- 
cupied in 1849. 
Within it is a 
library, now 
containing over 

115,000 volumes ; a reading-room and an art gallery. The scientific library of 
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, of which Benjamin Franklin was 
once a member, is also kept in the eastern room of the lower floor. The Athenaeum 
had its origin in a magazine called the "Monthly Anthology," which was fir.st 
published in 1803. Soon after, an association of men zealous for literature was 




BOSTON ATHEN.«JM. 



46 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



organized, and took the name of the Anthology Chib. A public library and read- 
ing-room established by this club was the nucleus of the Boston Athenaeum, 
which was incorporated by the Legislature under that name in 1807. The first 
library room was in Congress Street, but the quarters having become too contracted, 
Mr. James Perkins, in 1821, conveyed to the Athenreum his own mansion in Pearl 
Street, — an exceedingly valuable gift, — and the society, having removed thither, 
remained there until the completion of the new building in Beacon Street. The 
Athenaium is not a public institution. The right to use the library is confined to the 
1 olders (and their families) of about one thousand shares, of whom only about six 
hundred pay the annual assessment that entitles them to take books from the library. 
The management is, however, very liberal towards strangers, and the attendants are 
unremitting in their attentions to visitors. There is an absence of "red tape" in 
the general direction of die library that not only makes it one of the most delightful 
literary homes to be found anywhere, but proves that nothing is lost by trusting to 
the good taste and sense of propriety of those who resort thither. The remnants of 
the art-gallery are the few large pictures on the stairway, and the statuary in the 
vestibule. Among the latter are Greenough's bronze group of the " Boy and the 
Eagle," Monteverde's marble statue of " The First Inspiration of Columbus," and 
several casts. Tlie pictures have been transported to the Museum of Fine Arts, 
and their i^lace is used for a large and beautiful library-hall. The funds of the 
Atheneeum, of which the income is applicable to the uses of the institution, are about 
$300,000, besides the real estate, and the library, paintings, and statuary, which are 
valued at nearly $500,000. About 3,000 volumes are added yearly, and the yearly 
circulation is from 45,000 to 50,000 volumes. 

On the lot bounded by Berkeley, Newbury, Clarendon, and Boylston Streets stand 
tAvo move of the semi-public institutions of Boston, and both connected witli the 

._ , — - practical educa- 

1,^^ „v /^"^^ tion of the peo- 

- ^^ -^ ^-' ^~^^-^ pie. Nearest to 

-:-:f;^lfc^ ^1=: ^.-ziT Berkeley Street 

on the right of 
our view is the 
building of the 
Boston Society 
of Natural His- 
tory, incorporat- 
ed in 1831. The 
early days of the 
society formed 
a period of con- 
stant struggle 
for existence, 
from lack of the 
necessary funds. 
But the munifi- 
cence of several 




SOCIETY OF NATURAL HISTORY AND INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOG*'. 



BOSTON ILL US TEA TED. 



47 



citizens, — one of whom, Dr. William J. Walker, gave, during liis life and in liis will, 
sums amounting in the aggregate to nearly two hundred thousand dollars, — and the 
grant of the land on which the building stands, by the State, in 1861, have raised 
it from its poverty, and given it a position of great usefulness and a reasonable degree 
of prosperity. The cabinet of this society, which is exceedingly rich in very many 
branches of natural history, is open to the public for several hours on every Wed- 
nesday and Saturday, and this opportunity is made use of by great numbers of citi- 
zens and strangers. There is also a fine library connected with the institution, and 
during the season interesting courses of lectures are delivered. 

The Institute of Technology was founded in 1861 for the purpose of giving in- 
struction in applied science and the industrial arts. The published plan of the 
institution declares it to be "devoted to the practical arts and sciences," with a 
triple organization as a society of arts, a museum or conservatory of arts, and a 
school of industrial science and art. The land for the purpose was given by the 
State, and the Institute receives one third of the grant made by Congress to the 
State for the purpose of establishing a college of agriculture and the mechanic arts. 
The museum already collected includes photographs, prints, drawings, and casts, to 
illustrate architec- 
ture ; models of va- 
rious kinds to give 
practical instruction 
in geometry , mechan- 
ics, and building ; 
machinery of many 
patterns to illustrate 
mechanical move- 
ments ; models of 
mining machineiy, 
and a great variety 
of other useful arti- 
cles. The school 
provides ten courses 
of study, — in me- 
chanical engineei 
ing, civil and to])0- 
graphical engineer- 
ing, chemistry, ge 
. ology and mining 
engineering, build 
ing andarchitectuie, 

r IT. VIEW OF P^RK STREET 

science and liteia- ^ , i ^ 1 1 i i 

ture, natural history, metallurgy, physics, and philosophy. By the last published 
catalogue, there were 283 students from nineteen States of the Union and four for- 
eign countries. Pegrees and diplomas are conferred on the graduates, accordmg to 
tire course or courses of study pursued. The institution is doing a work of great 
usefulness. The building is an elegant structure of pressed bnclc with freestone 




48 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



trimmings. Alongside are the buildings of the School of Mechanic Arts (Prussian 
system) and the gymnasium. 

The new building, on Boylston Street, between Clarendon and Dartmouth Streets, 
of the Chauncy-Hall School, — the oldest and in some respects most celebrated 
private school in Boston, — deserves mention rather from its internal arrangement 
than for its outward appearance, although the exterior is attractive and shapely. 

The health of pupils 
was not only the 
first consideration in 
planning it, but it 
might almost be 
said, the only indis- 
pensable condition. 
The arrangements 
for heating and ven- 
tilating are perfect. 
Each of the rooms 
is ventilated by 
means of two large 
ducts, one at the 
top and the other at 
the bottom of the 
room, opening into 
large ventilating- 
shafts, built from 
the foundation up 
and out through the 
roof. The devices 
for forcing currents 
of air through these 
shafts, for furnish- 
ing to each room in- 
dependently a full 
CHAUNCY-HALL SCHOOL. supply of frcsh air, 

without opening windows, for regulating the temperature of the air, which whether 
heated or not is always pouring in, are remarkable and interesting. They are also 
successful. Another point to which special attention has been given is the construc- 
tion of the school furniture. This was all designed with sole reference to the health 
and physical training of the pupils. The desks and chairs were adopted after exami- 
nation and approval by a committee of surgeons of the highest rank. The desks 
are so arranged that they may be changed from the angle suitable for writing 
to another which causes the least straining of the eyes in reading books placed 
upon it. Equally careful attention is paid to the manner in which light is intro- 
duced. The construction of the walls and floors makes them substantially fire- 
proof. The Chauncy-Hall School was founded as long ago as 1828, and was at first 
located in Chauncy Street. Its present building was built and is owned by a stock 
company consisting of old graduates of the school, many of them being now 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



49 



leading citizens of Boston. It receives pupils of both sexes and of all ages. Chil- 
dren of only four years are received and instructed in a kindergarten, and young 
men leave the school every year to enter the Institute "of Technology or Harvard 
College, while special students in various branches come to it from all parts of the 
Union. This school was the first in Boston to adopt the military drill. It has 
nineteen teachers and about three hundred pupils in all. 

The Union Club of Boston was founded in the year 1863, for " the encouragement 
and dissemination of patriotic sentiment and opinion," and the condition of mem- 
bership was "unqualified loyalty to the Constitution of the Union of the United 
States, and unwavering support of the Federal Government in efforts for the sup- 
pression of the Rebellion." Its organization is continued to promote social inter- 
course, and to afford the conveniences of a club-house. A spacious private mansion, 
formerly the residence of the late Abbott Lawrence, on Park Street, was remodelled 
internally to fit it for the latter use. The membership, which is limited to six 
hundred, includes many of the best and wealthiest citizens of Boston. It has at 
present no political character, however, and the condition of membership quoted 
above has been removed. Our sketch gives a view of Park Street, with the resi- 
dence of the late George Ticknor and the Union Club House in the foreground. 

_ __- - The Somerset Club 

was organized in the 
year 1852, having grown 
out of another organiza- 
tion known as the Tre- 
mont Club, and is now, 
as it has always been 
since it took its present 
name, a club for purely 
social purposes. The 
membership was for- 
merly limited to two 
hundred and fifty, l)ut it 
was afterwards increased 
to four hundred and 
fifty, and will soon reach 
the limit, more recently 
fixed, of six hundred. 
The Somerset Club occu- 
pied until the year 1872 
the elegant mansion at 
the corner of Somerset 
and Beacon Streets, now 
occupied by the various 
societies connected with 
the Congregational de- 
BP \, V 111,1 — iHi soMLisn CLLB nominatiou. At that 

time the club purchased the magnificent granite-front mansion on Beacon Street, 
represented in the accompanying sketch. This house was built by the late David 




50 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Sears, Esq., for a private residence. The club found it necessary to make little 
alteration in the arrangement of the rooms, but it has thoroughly refitted and fur- 
nished them, and added other buildings. 

The Charles River basin, enclosed between Beacon and Charles Streets and the 
bridge to Cambridge, has long been a favorite course for boat-racing. Upon it are 
held the regattas provided by the city for the entertainment of the people on the 
Fourth of July, and private regattas at other times. At the head of the course is 
situated the Union Boat-Club House, an attractive structure, in the Swiss style of 
architecture, having a water frontage of eighty-two feet and commanding a fine view 

of the river. 

The gymna- 
sium, club 
committee, 
dressing and 
bathing 
rooms, are 
especially 
adapted to 
comfort and 
convenience, 
and superior 
boating ac- 
c o m m o d a - 
tions are pro- 
vided for the 
m emb ers. 
The club was 
organized 
May 2 6, 
1851, and, 
with perhaps 
one excep- 
tion, is the 
oldest boat- 
ing organiza- 
tion in the 
country. The 

present building was completed July 3, 1870. The Union had the honor of intro- 
ducing on the Charles the style of rowing without a coxswain, and in September, 
1853, rowed a race at Hull in which, for the first time in the United States, the 
boat was steered over the course by the bow oar. They were also instrumental in 
getting up the first wherry race on the river, July 4, 1854, won by the then coxswain 
of the club. In 1857, the Unions were at the height of their glory, and in June of 
that year won from the "Harvards" the celebrated Beacon cup, the most beautiful 
prize ever off"ered in Massachusetts for such a race. Champion cups, colors, oars, 
and medals are among the trophies of the members, won principally previous to the 




)N KOAT-CLU 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



51 



Rebellion, to which date the supremacy of the Charles was held by the Union. 
Since the construction of the new house the club has rapidly gained in numbers, and 
now has one hundred and thirty active members. 

The new station of the Boston and Providence Eailroad, although surpassed in 
size by a few structures of the kind, is inferior to none, in this country at least, in 
artistic beauty and in adaptability to the uses for which it was designed. The 
building was fully occupied early in 1875. It consists of two distinct but connected 
parts. The train-house has a length of five hundred and eighty-eight feet and 
an extreme width of one hundred and thirty feet. The great iron trusses cover 
five tracks and three platforms. The head-house is two hundred and twelve feet 
long, and one hundred and fifty feet wide at the widest point, the lot on which 




PKOViDENCE RAILROAD STATION. 



it stands being very irregular in shape. In the centre of the head-house is a great 
marble hall, one hundred and eighty feet long, forty-four broad, and eighty high. 
It is imposing in its general effect and magnificent in its architectural beauty 
and its ornamentation. Surrounding this hall are the waiting and other rooms 
for the accommodation of passengers, a cafe, i)erio(lical stand, baggage and package 
rooms, etc. These are all models of their kind. The passenger-rooms have im- 
mense maps of the territory served by the road and its connections, and tables of 
distances, painted on the walls. A barber-shop is attached to the news-room. A 



52 



BOSTON ILL US TEA TED. 



fine gallery surrounds the hall above mentioned at a height of twenty-one feet, and 
from this access is had to the offices of the company, the travellers' reading-room, 
the billiard-room, and other apartments. The cost of this station was nearly one 
million dollars. The Providence Railroad has an excellent local business, serving a 
great number of the towns in Norfolk and Bristol Counties by its main line and 
branches ; and it also forms part of the popular Shore (all rail) and Stonington (rail 
and steamboat) lines to New York. 

In the immediate vicinity of the Providence station is the tract known as the 
Church Street district, where one of the most beneficial enterprises the city has ever 
undertaken has been carried out within a few years. The district was low, marshy, 
and unhealthy, but it was covered with permanent buildings. The city undertook 
to raise the whole district, and this it did at an expense of about a million dollars. 
In the course of this operation nearly three liundred brick buildings were raised, 
some of them fourteen feet, and the whole territory was filled in to a uniform height. 
A similar process has been going on for some time in the "Suffolk Street district," 
and is now nearly completed. 

On the corner of Beacon and Tremont Streets stands the Ti-emont House, a hotel 
that has for a long time enjoyed a deserved reputation for the excellence of its ac- 
commodations and its cuisine. This house received President Johnson as a guest 
when he visited Boston on the occasion of the dedication of the Masonic Temple in 
June, 1867. Its front 
is imposing, though 
plain and devoid of 
ornamentation. Most 
of the leading hotels 
of Boston are in close 
proximity to the centre 
of business, and this is 
especially true of the 
Tremont. Like them, 
it has lately been un- 
dergoing extensive im- 
provements which have 
made it more than ever 
worthy of the excellent 
reputation it bears. 
The Tremont House 
was originally built by 
a company of gentle- 
men ; but it was, in 
1859, purchased for the 
Sears estate, of which 
it now forms a part. 

The Tremont and Re- tkk m<.nt house. 

vere Houses are both under the same efficient manao-enient. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



53 



IV. THE CENTEAL DISTEICT. 




E come now to a district smaller than either of those that have been 
described, but much more compact in form, and more crowded with 
buildings, which are at the same time by far the largest, the most 
elegant, and the most costly that the city can boast. It has already 
been remarked that the physical characteristics of Boston determined the limits 
within which mercantile business could have free and natural exjiansion. The sin- 
gular and unexplained movements of business, which, nevertheless, have their 
almost invariable rules, have given the North End up for the most part to retail 
establishments. In the immediate vicinity of the wharves some bi-anches of whole- 




VIEW OF FRANKLIN STREET AS IT WAS BEFORE THE FIRE. 



sale trade 
lishments 



still 
for 



flourish ; in the neighborhood of Faneuil Hall there are large estab- 
the supply of household stores and furnishing goods of various 



54 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 55 

descriptions ; and there are very few districts in the city which have not retail 
oupply stores of all kinds in their immediate neighborhood. But in general it may 
be said that the district bounded by State, Court, Tremont, Boylston, and Essex 
Streets is the business section of the city. State Street is the head-quarters of 
bankers and brokers, — the money-centre of the city. Pearl Street was until 1872 
the greatest boot and shoe raaiket in the worhl, and a lai'ge part of the trade has 
now returned to the neighborhood. On Franklin, Chauncy, Summer, and Devon- 
shire Streets are the great establishments that make Boston the leading market of 
the country for American dry-goods. Boston also stands first among American 
cities in its receipts and sales of wool, and the dealers in this staple are clustered 
within the district we have circumscribed. The wholesale merchants in iron, groceries, 
clothing, paper, in fancy goods and stationery, in books and pictures, in music and 
musical instruments, in jewelry, in tea, coffee, spices, tobacco, wines and liquors, — in 
fact, in all the articles that are necessities or luxuries of our modern civilized life, — 
have still their places of business within it. The retail trade, too, is domiciled here, 
convenient of access to dwellers in the city and shoppers from the suburbs. The army 
of lawyers is within the district, or just upon its borders. The great transportation 
companies have their offices here, supplemented by the express companies that per- 
form the same business upon a more limited, and yet, in another sense, upon a more 
extended scale. Most of the daily papers are congregated in the immediate vicinity 
of their advertising patrons. And finally, the people come to this part of the city, not 
only to obtain the every-day articles of use, but to listen to lectures, to applaud at 
musical concerts, to weej) and smile over dramatic representations. By day and by 
night it is thronged, not by the inhabitants of the district, — for very few residents 
have been able to withstand the onset of business, — but by the dwellers in other 
cities and towns and in other parts of Bo;ston. 

Mucli that is interesting in Boston's history has occurred in this part of the city, 
but very few of the buildings that are reminders of events long past remain. Even 
Fort Hill, one of the historical three, has been wholly removed, and the broad plain 
where it once stood is now available for building purposes. The earth thus removed 
was used in carrying forward two other great improvements, — the one to enlarge 
the facilities for rapid and economical transaction of business, the other to convert a 
low, swampy, and unhealthy neighborhood into a dry and well-drained district, — 
the gi'ading of the marginal Atlantic Avenue and the raising of the Suffolk Street 
district. Some of the old landmarks yet remain, and, it is to be hoped, will long 
be permitted to remain as links between the present and the past. 

We have already referred several times to the great fire, which occurred on the 
9th and 10th of November, 1872. The history of that calamitous event has been 
often and fully told, and it need not be repeated here. We reproduce but one of 
the sketches of the burned-over district contained in a former edition, — that which 
gives the most picturesque, while necessarily an inadequate idea of the scene of deso- 
lation that prevailed over sixty-five acres of territory when the fii-e had at last been 
conquered. It is proper to repeat, however, a few statistics for preservation and 
reference. The fire broke out at the corner of Summer and Kingston Streets, at 
about eight o'clock on the evening of Saturday, November 9, 1872, and it did not 
cease to spread until late in the afternoon of Sunday, having burned twenty hours. 



56 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



It destroyed 776 buildings, of Avhich 709 were of brick or stone and 67 of wood. 
The valuation of these buildings for purposes of taxation was $13,591,300, the true 
value about $18,000,000. The value of personal property destroyed was about 
$ 60,000,000. Fourteen persons lost their lives in the fire, of whom seven were fire- 
men. The sum of $320,000 was raised in Boston alone, no outside help being ac- 
cepted, for the relief of distress and poverty caused by the fire, and a portion of the 
fund still remains available for future use when the need of it shall arise. 




THE SPOT WHERE THE FIRE BEGAN. 

Although the effects of the fire are still felt and will continue to be felt for a long 
time, the visible traces of it are almost completely effaced. There are probably fewer 
vacant lots on the territory swept over by the fire than there were on the morning 
before it occurred ; and the buildings in this part of the city are as a whole incom- 
parably more convenient, commodious, beautiful, and artistic than those which pre- 
ceded them. Let any one, for proof of this, stand at the head of Franklin Street and 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



5^ 



compare its jjresent appearance with the faithful representation of its aspect before 
the tire given on another page. The dull uniformity of material and of architecture 
has given place to variety of form and color, to grace and beauty and tasteful orna- 
mentation. An appearance of solidity of stiaicture was given to the plain, square 
heavy fronts ; but if this has disappeared; the buildings that now stand in their place 
are in reality better built, and will longer resist either the unsparing hand of Time 
or the malicious tongue of Fire. 

■ Although this is pre-eminently the business section of the city, it contains several 
public and semi-public buildings which perhaps deserve the first attention. And the 
list should properly be headed by the magnificent City Hall, which is one of the 
most imposing and perfect specimens of architecture in the city. It has been said 
already that Faneuil Hall was occupied for town purposes from the time of its erec- 
tion until after the constitution of the city government. It was in 1830 that the city 
offices were removed to the Old State House, which had been remodelled for the pur- 
pose. But only a few years elapsed before it became absolutely necessary to remove 
thence. Successive city governments having refused to sanction the erection of a 
suitable City Hall, as recommended by nearly every mayor, the old Court House, 
which stood on a part of the site of the present City Hall, was converted into a 
city building in 1840, and all the offices of the city were removed thither. This 
was, however, but a temporary expedient, and the old difficulties began to arise 
again, with increased vexation to the crowded officers and the unfortunate public. 

In 1850 the ques- 
tion of making 
additions to the 
old City Hall or 
of erecting a new 
one reappeared in 
the city council ; 
and the records 
show that from 
that time hardly a 
year passed with- 
out a recommen- 
dation of decided 
action by the may- 
or, and an abortive 
attempt in the city 
council to pass an 
order for carrying 
that recommenda- 
tion into effect, 
until a beginning 
was finally made 
by the passage of 
the necessary or- 
ders in 1862. The 
sum originally 




tITY HALL. 



58 BOSTOX ILLUSTRATED. 

asked for and appropriated was $160,000. The committee which reported the plan 
expressed the belief ' ' that the building as proposed can be erected of suitable 
materials," for this sum, " if contracted for during the present year." The value of 
estimates is shown by the fact, that the building actually cost, before it was occu- 
pied, more than half a million dollars, of which less than seventy-five thousand dol- 
lars were paid for work not included in the original estimate. However, the people 
of Boston long ago ceased to complain of the unexpectedly large addition to what 
they had been at first asked to invest in a city building. 

The corner-stone was laid on the 22d of December, 1862, — the anniversary of the 
landing of the Pilgrims at Plymouth. The building was completed and dedicated 
on the ISth of September, 1865. The tablet in the wall back of the first landing 
perpetuates in beautifully worked marble the statement that the dedication took 
place on the 17th of September. That day would have been highly appropriate for 
the ceremony, being the two hundred and thirty-fifth anniversary of the settlement 
of Boston, had it not fallen on Sunday. The ceremony was accordingly postponed 
until the following day. 

The style in which this building has been erected is the Italian Renaissance, with 
modifications and elaborations suggested by modern French architects. The mate- 
rial of the exterior is the finest Concord granite. The interior is equally as perfect 
in its arrangement as is the exterior in its beauty and richness. The Louvre dome, 
which is surmounted by an American eagle and a flagstaff, is occupied within by 
some of the most important offices of the city. Here is the central point of the fire- 
alarm telegraphs. An alarm from the most distant part of the city is communi- 
cated instantaneously to the watchful operator, who is on duty day and night ; and 
almost befoi-e the nervous hand that has given the alarm has done its work, the 
bells in all parts of the city are tolling out the number of the district in which a 
fire has been discovered, and the engines summoned to extinguish it are proceeding 
at full speed toward it. Most of the officers of the city have commodious and com- 
fortable quarters within the building. The city council had an eye from the first 
to the possibility that the building would by and by need to be enlarged to accom- 
modate the city government when Boston should have grown in importance and 
wealth and population. Thus, far, however the pressing necessity for more room has 
been met by hiring offices outside. 

In the lawn in front of the City Hall stands the bronze statue of Benjamin 
Franklin, Avhich was formally inaugurated, with much pomp and ceremony, on the 
17th of September, 1856. It originated in a suggestion made by the Hon. Eobert 
C. Winthrop, in an address before the ]\Iassachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association 
in 1852. The association took up the matter with enthusiasm, and was joined by 
a lai'ge number of citizens. A public subscription to the amount of j^early $ 20,000 
furnished the means. The artist was Mr. R. S. Greenough, who was born almost 
within sight of the Boston State House, and all the work from beginning to end was 
done in the State. The statue is eight feet in height, and stands upon a pedestal 
of verd antique marble, resting on a base of Quincy granite. In the die are four 
sunken panels, in which are placed bronze medallions, each representing an impor- 
tant event in the life of the great Bostonian to whose memory the statue was raised. 

The Custom House, on State Street, was begun in 1837, two years after it had 



BOSTON ILL USTRA TED. 



59 



been authorized by Congress, and was twelve years in building. It is in the form 
of a Greek cross, and the exterior is in the pure Doric style of architecture. The 
walls, columns, and even the entire roof, are of granite. The massive columns, 
which entirely surround the building, are thirty-two in number. Each of them is 

five feet two inches 
in diameter and 
thirty-two feet 
high, and weighs 
about forty-two 
tons. The building 
rests upon about 
three thousand 
piles. It is sup- 
posed to be entire- 
ly fireproof, and it 
is so undoubtedly 
from without. It 
covst upwards of a 
million dollars, in- 
cluding the site 
and the founda- 
tions. President 
Jackson signed the 
resolution author- 
izing its erection ; 
but President 
Polk's term had 
been nearly com- 
pleted when the 

new Custom House was first opened. It has already become somewhat dingy within, 
and is attractive only after the spring and fall cleaning and whitewashing. 

At the foot of State Street is Long Wharf, which was built about the year 1710, 
and bore the name of Boston Pier. The Abbe Robin described it as " a superb wharf 
advancing nearly 2,000 feet into the sea, wide enough along its whole length for 
stores and shops." It was lined with warehouses, and at the end was a battery of 
heavy guns. In 1681 a long pier called the Barricado was built from the North 
Battery at Gopp's Hill to the South Battery at Fort Hill, with several openings to 
admit vessels. This work enclosed the Town Cove, in which the shipping lay, and 
was designed to prevent an attack by the Dutch or the French. Having no com- 
mercial value, when the danger of invasion was over it was allowed to decay, and 
the site is now occupied by the broad Atlantic Avenue. 

The United States Post-Office and Sub-Treasury is on Devonshire Street, between 
Milk and Water Streets, and is the finest public building in New England. The 
land on which it stands (including the extension) cost $1,300,000, and the half of 
the building already completed cost 1 2, 500, 000, while the other half will cost over 
$2,000,000. It was begun in 1871, and was damaged to the extent of $175,000 in 




CUSTOM-HOUSE. 



60 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



the Great Fire, which it repulsed from the western part of the city. The archi- 
tecture of the building is Mullettesque Renaissance, and its great size and fine 
materials render it truly imposing and gratifying. The front, on Devonshire Street, 
is over 200 feet long, and is divided into five sections by the projection of central 
and lateral pavilions, its average height being 100 feet. The street story is 28 feet 




THE NEW POST-OFFICE. 



high, anel its massive piers uphold the two floors above, over which rises an imnien'se 
and pretentious iron roof. Three corridors, parallel and nearly on a level with the 
adjacent streets, run around the ground-floor, partly surrounding the great hall, 
216 X 82 feet in area, in which the woik of the office is carried on. The most note- 
worthy part of the building is the Sub-Treasury, in the second story, and accessible 
from Milk Street or Water Street (between 10 and 2 o'clock). It is a splendid hall, 
80 X 40 feet in area and 50 feet high, profusely adorned with rich marbles and 
variegated marezzo slabs, bronze chandeliers, plate glass, nnd other costly trimmings. 
The adjacent safe usually contains several million dollars in U. S. notes and coin. 

The external walls of the Post-Office are of Cape-Ann granite, of which over 
$1,000,000 worth has been used. It has been estimated that the net revenues of the 
Post-Oifice Department from Boston alone, during the time which this building has 
been under construction, have been more than enough to pay for it. Boston is 
second only to New York among the American post-offices. 

The new extension of the building is to be somewhat larger than the part already 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 61 

built. The lower floor is to be used for the mail department, and the stories above 
are for various offices of the government. Here also the United States courts are to 
be located, with the connected offices and library. The fa9ade on this side will be 
adorned with several towers, although the necessity of keeping the various fronts 
harmonious has prevented the noblest treatment of this unrivalled opportunity. To 
the east of the new extension is a broad open place, surrounded with fine buildings. 
It was at one time proposed to call this Farragut Square, in honor of America's 
greatest admiral, but certain prosaic persons succeeded in getting it named Post- 
Office Square. 

When the "corner-stone" was laid, the edifice had already been nearly finished to 
the top of the street story ; but the occasion was a favorable one for a street parade, 
and the presence of the President of the United States and several members of his 
Cabinet added to the interest of the ceremonies. At the time of the great fire this 
building was receiving its roof. The solid and substantial character of its walls 
made it a bulwark against the flames. There was but little woodwork exposed, and 
with some exertion the fire was prevented from obtaining ingress into the build- 
ing. But the Milk Street fa9ade was greatly injured by the intense heat. The 
graceful columns and the massive blocks of granite forming the side of the build- 
ing were cracked and split, so that a partial reconstruction of that face was neces- 
sary. The fire caused still further change in the plans. It was oiiginally in- 
tended to cover a much larger site with this magnificent structure than was after- 
wards deemed sufficient. The difficulty of procuring the land at all, and the high 
price asked for it, combined to lead to the decision to cover only one half of the 
square bounded by Congress, Milk, Devonshire, and Water Streets. The fire cleared 
away the buildings on that part of the square not occupied by the Post-Office, and 
caused a return to the original idea. Congress was asked to make an additional 
appropriation of three quarters of a million dollars to buy the remaining land and 
extend the building over it. Consent was readily given on condition that the streets 
surrounding the Post-Office should be widened so as to give additional protection 
against fire, and improve the architectural appearance of the edifice. To this con- 
dition there was very serious opposition on the part of those whose estates would 
have their value impaired by the widenings, and by some others who thought the 
taxes already sufficiently heavj^ without burdening the city with a new load of in- 
debtedness on account of expensive street improvements. But in spite of all oppo- 
sition the requisite legislation has been passed, and the appropriation to enlarge tlie 
building has therefore been secured. The difficulty returned, however, and seemed 
entirely insurmountable when the owners of the estates were asked to set a price on 
their land. The courts were appealed to, and the price awarded appalled even our 
rich Uncle Samuel. However, by dint of skilful negotiation, all obstacles have now 
been cleared away. 

The Boston Post-Office has been a migratory institution for a long time. During 
the siege of Boston it was removed to Cambridge, but was brought back again after 
the evacuation of the town by the Biitish. In the last ninety-six years it has been 
removed at least ten times. For the eleven years immediately preceding the fire it 
was in the Merchants' Exchange Building in State Street, that being its third occu- 
pation of those quarters. After the sudden and hasty ejection from that building by 



62 



BOSTON ILL US TEA TED. 



the audacious element which does not spare even buildings under the protection of 
the American Eagle, — a removal which was effected without the loss of so much as 
a transient newspaper, — Faneuil Hall was quickl}^ transformed into a Post-Office, 
and the delivery of mails was begun on Monday morning, the day after the removal. 
There was a controversy as to the possibility of repairing the former quarters so that 
they might be safely occupied again, which ended in a decision that the Merchants' 
Exchange should not be again used as a Post-Office ; and the upshot of the matter 
was that, after a few weeks of crowding and inconvenience and unsatisfactory mail- 
service, the Post-Office was removed to the Old South Church, 

The government has never before owned the building in which the P>oston Post- 
Office was located. The upper stories of the new Post-Office are occupied by the 
Sub-Treasury, which was, like the Post-Office, ejected by fire from the Merchants' 
Exchange Building. The new Post-Office was in process of erection about four 
years, and was fully occupied early in 1875. The entire cost to the government 
exceeded three million dollars. 

The County Court House in Court Square was erected in 1833, and is a substan- 
tial but plain and gloomy-looking building. There has been for some time past a 
movement in favor 
of a new court-house. 
Thus far there has 
been no agreement 
as to a suitable site, 
and no decisive step 
has been taken foi a 
removal from the 
present inconvenic n t 
building and no]s> 
neighborhood. The 
United States Couits 
occupy the building 
at the corner of Ttni 
lie Place and Tic 
mont Street, — a 
structure of very fine 
appearance and ^\ell 
suited to its present 
use. This building 
was erected in 1830 
by the Freemasons 
of Massachusetts as 
a Masonic temple, 

but it was subsequently used as warerooms for Chickering's pianos, and finally it was 
purchased by the United States government and fitted up as a court-house. Its 
architecture is quite unique. The walls are of Quincy gi-anite cut into triangular 
blocks. The effect is not unpleasant, but it is surprising that the Masons of all 
others should have departed from their established rule of " square work." With its 




ST PALLS CHURCH \ND THE LMILD TMhS LOLKf H JUsE 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



63 



two massive towers, its long arched windows, and its sombre general aspect, the 
suggestion of the building is rather that of a church than of a court-house. 

Our view also includes a sketch of St. Paul's Episcopal Church, adjoining the 
Court-House. The society worshipping in this church was forn^ed in 1819, and the 
corner-stone was laid on the 4th of September of that year. The edifice was com- 
pleted, and consecrated by the Bishops of Massachusetts and Connecticut on the 30th 
of June, 1820. It has since been extensively remodelled in the interior. The walls 
of this church are of a fine gray granite, but the Ionic columns in front are of Poto- 
mac sandstone laid in courses. The rector of this church is the Eev. William AVil- 
berforce Newton. 

Two of the oldest church-buildings in the city are left within the limits 
of the Central District, surrounded by business structures, and one of them 
already abandoned forever as a house of worship. The Old South Society, whose 
new edifice we have described elsewhere, was the third Congregational Society 
in Boston, and was organized in 1669, in consequence of a curious theological 
quarrel in the First Church. The first church building of this society, erected in 
1669, stood for sixty years. It was of cedar, and it had a steeple and galleries, 
with the pulpit on the north side. It was taken down in 1729, when the present 

building was erected on the same spot, 
and religious services were held in it 
for the first time on the 26th of April, 
1730 (0. S.). This meeting-house is 
perhaps the most noted church edifice 
in the United States. It is internally 
very quaint and interesting, although the 
old pulpit and the high box-pews have 
lieen removed, and the double tier of 
picturesque galleries are partly overlaid 
uith portraits and other rare antiques 
fiom the historic families of New Eng- 
land. But a tablet which stands high 
above the entrance on the Washington 
Street side of the tower gives concisely 
the main facts. The Old South is fre- 
quently mentioned on the pages devoted 
to the history of Boston before and dur- 
ing the Revolution. When the meetings 
of citizens became too large to be accom- 
modated in Faneuil Hall, then much 
smaller than now, they adjourned to 
this church. Here Joseph Warren stood 
and delivered his fearless oration, on the 
2 anniversary of the massacre of March 5, 
OLD SOUTH CHURCH BEFORE THE FIRE. 1770, in dcfiauce of the thrcats of those 

in authority, and in the presence of a marshalled soldiery. Here were held the 
series of meetings that culminated in the destruction of the detested tea, on 




64 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

which the determined colonists would pay no tax. In 1775, the British soldiers, 
eager to insult those by whom they were so cordially hated, but whom they 
held so completely in their power, occupied this meeting-house as a riding- 
school, and place ' for cavalry drill. They established a grog-shop in the lower 
gallery, which they partially preserved for spectators of their sport. The rest of 
the galleries were torn down, and the whole interior was stripped of its woodwork. 
The floor they covered with about two feet of dirt. At this time the church was 
without a pastor, and no new pastor was ordained until 1779. In 1782 the building 
was thoroughly repaired and put in very much its late condition. The first Elec- 
tion sermon was delivered in the Old South Church in 1712, and the ancient custom 
was observed up to the year 1872. In 1876 the Old South Society sold the church, 
to be torn down and replaced by commercial buildings. But the Bostonians, loath to 
see such a sacrilege, bought the ancient edifice, and the land on which it stood, for 
about $ 430, 000, more than half of which has already been raised and paid, by pri- 
vate eff'orts. The church is now a great loan museum of curious historical relics. 
Revolutionary weapons, flags, (piaint old furniture, portraits of the New England 
fathers, and other interesting objects (including also Edison's phonograph). It is 
open daily, and the entrance-fees (25 cents each) go toward the preservation-fund. 

King's Chapel, too, standing at the corner of School and Tremont Streets, has its 
history, hardly less interesting than that of the Old South. It is, as is well known, 
the successor of the first Episcopalian church in Boston. There were a few of the 
early settlers in the town who belonged to the Church of England. Very timidly 
did they ask in 1646 for liberty to establish their form of worship here "till incon- 
veniences hereby be found prejudicial to the churches and Colony." Very decidedly 
were they rebuffed, and no more was heard of the matter for many years. The Church 
of England service was, however, introduced by the chaplain to the commissionerf; 
from Charles II. in 1665, and from that time there was little hindrance to their forms. 
Nevertheless, it was not imtil twelve years after this that a church Avas actually 
formed, and not until 1686 that steps were taken to erect a building to accom- 
modate it. Governor Andros in that year greatly offended the consciences of 
the Old South people by determining to occupy the Old South for an Episcopal 
church, and by compelling them to yield to him in this matter, though very much 
against their will. However, about that time, the church was built on a part of the 
lot where stands the present building. It is not possible to ascertain how the land 
was procured for the purpose ; and some have believed that Andros appropriated it 
in the exercise of the supreme power over the soil which he claimed by virtue of the 
delegated authority of the King. However, the church was built there, and by the 
middle of July, 1689, it was occupied. In 1710 the building was enlarged, but by 
the middle of the century it had fallen to decay, and it was voted to rebuild with 
stone. The present building was first used for Divine service August 21, 1754. 
During the British occupation of the town it was left unharmed. Not only was 
this the first Episcopal church in Boston, it was also the first Unitarian church. 
"While the Old South Meeting-house was undergoing repairs of the injuries sustained 
in its occupation as a military riding- school, the society of King's Chapel gave to 
the former society the free use of the Stone Church. When the Old South people 
returned to their own house, the proprietors of King's Chapel voted to return to 



BUi^TON ILLUiiTLlATED. (35 

their old form of worship, with extensive alterations in the liturgy, adapting the 
Church of England service to the Unitarian doctrine. 

Adjoining this ancient church is the first burial-ground established in Boston. 
It is not exactly known when it was first devoted to the burial of the dead. There 
is some dispute over the question whether Mr. Isaac Johnson, one of the most 
prominent of the colonists, and also one of the first to pass away, was or was not 
buried here. It is, however, certain that this was the only graveyard in Boston 
for the first thirty years after the settlement. The visitor to this yard will be apt 
to notice the very singular arrangement of gravestones alongside the imths. They 
were taken from their original positions years ago, by a city officer, who was (H^rtainly 
gifted with originality, and reset, without the slightest reference to their former 
uses or positions, as edgestones or fences to the paths. Notwithstanding this not 
very praiseworthy improvement, which leads one to wonder how much further it was 
carried, there are still many very old gravestones in this yard. Three, at least, date 
hack to the year 1658. One of these stones has a history. At some time after the 
interment of the good deacon it commemorated, the stone was removed and lost ; 
but it was discovered in 1830 near the Old State House, several feet below the 
surface of State Street. It is of green stone, and bears this inscription : — 

HERE : LYETH 

THE : BODY : OF : Mr 

WILLIAM : PADDY : AGED 

58 YEARS : DEPARTED 

THIS : LIFE : AUGUST : THE [28] 

1658. 

On the reverse is this singular stanza of poetry : — 

HEAR . SLEARS . THAT 
BLESED . ONE . WHOES . LIEF 
GOD . HELP . V8 . ALL . TO . LIVE 
THAT . SO . WHEN . TIEM . SHALL . BE 
THAT . AVE . THLS . WORLD . MUST . LIUE 
WE . EVER . MAY , BE . HAPPY 
WITH , BLESSED . WILLIAM PADDY. 

A great many distinguished men of the early time were buried in this enclosure, 
and several of the tombs and headstones still bear the ancient inscriptions. The 
tomb of the Winthrops contains the ashes of Governor John Winthrop, and of his 
son and grandson, who were governors of Connecticut. All three, however, died 
in Boston, and were buried in the same tomb. Not far away is a horizontal tablet, 
from the inscription on which we learn that ' * here lyes intombed the bodyes " of 
four "famous reverend and learned pastors of the first church of Christ in Boston," 
namely, John Cotton, John Davenport, John Oxenbridge, and Thomas Bridge. In 
this abode of the dead are also the graves and the remains of many of the most famous 
men of the early days of Boston, — the Sheafes, the Brattles, and the Savages, among 
others. The next to the oldest stone remaining in the yard is that of Mr. Jacob 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Sheafe, one of the richest merchants of his time, who died in 1658. This bnrjdng- 
ground has not been used for interments for a very long time. It is occasionally 
opened to visitors, and well repays a visit, though all the inscriptions on all the 
tombs and stones were long ago copied and published. 

Tremont Temple is one of the ^^^- 

best known halls in the city for -^^ ^^I^^~ 

public assemblies of all kinds. 
It stands on Tremont Street, 
directly opposite the TremoVxt 
House, on the site of the old 
Tremont Theatre. It covers more 
than 1 2, 000 square feet of ground. 
The front of Tremont Temple is 
covered with mastic, and is sev- 
enty-five feet high. Within is 
the great audience-room, one 
hundred and twenty-four feet 
long, seventy-two feet wide, and 
fifty feet high, with its deep, 
encircling galleries. It was in 
this hall that Mr. Charlps Dick- 
ens gave his readings ni Boston 
on his last visit to America, and 
it was selected on account of its 
great capacity and admirable 
acoustic properties. The hall is 
very plain indeed. Even the 
organ, which often adds so much 
to the appearance of halls and churches, is merely hidden behind a screen, and is 
without a case. The Temple is occuined on Sundays by the Tremont Street Bap- 
tist Church for its services, and several other Baptist societies have their head-quar- 
ters here. The great hall has been celebrated, of late years, as the place where the 
Eev. Joseph Cook has discussed theological questions before vast and enthusiastic 
audiences. 

Standing on Tremont Street, at the head of Hamilton Place, and looking down 
the place, one may see a plain and lofty brick wall without ornament or architec- 
tural pretensions of any sort. The building is the Boston Music Hall, one of the 
noblest public halls in the world, and the pride of every nmsic-lover- of Boston. 
This hall was built by private enterprise, and first opened to the public in 1852. It 
has ever since been the head-quarters of musical entertainment in the city. It would 
require more space than can be devoted to the subject to give even a list of the great 
singers whose voices have been heard within its walls, of the famous lecturers who 
have expounded their views here, and of the numerous fairs for charitable purposes 
that have been held in it. But it is safe to say that in no other single hall in the 
country have so many and so choice programmes of nmsic been performed, and that 
no other hall has furnished a platform for so many distinguished orators during the 




TREMONT TEMPLE 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



6^ 



past twenty years. The acoustic properties of the hall are perfect. Indeed, it is, as 
Dr. Holmes has well said, ** a kind of passive musical instrument, or at least a 

sounding-board 
constructed on the- 
oretical princi- 
ples." It is one 
hundred and thirty 
feet in length, sev- 
e n t y - e i g h t in 
breadth, and sixty- 
five in height. The 
height is half of 
the length, and the 
breadth is six 
tenths of the 
length, the unit 
being thirteen feet. 
No one who has 
been inside the hall 
needs to be told 
of its architectu- 
ral beauty, its spa- 
ciousness, its entire 
suitability to the 
purpose for which 
it was designed. 
The brilliant light 
shed down from 

the hundreds of gas-jets encircling the wall far above the upper balcony is 
something to be remembered. The fine statue of Apollo, the admirable casts 
presented by Miss Charlotte Cushman and placed in the walls, and above all 
the magnificent statue of Beethoven, by Crawford, standing in front of the 
organ, deserve the attention of every visitor to the hall. But all these works 
of art are speedily forgotten in the presence of the glorious instrument that is 
the chief ornament and attraction of the Music Hall. The organ was contracted for 
in 1856, with Herr E. Fr. Walcker of Ludwigsburg, Wurtemberg, and was set up and 
formally inaugurated on the 2d of November, 1863, in the presence of an immense 
and delighted audience. Hundreds of thousands of people have since listened to its 
grand and beautiful tones. The organ contains five thousand four hundred and 
seventy-four pipes, of which no less than six hundred and ninety are in the pedal 
organ ; and it has eighty-four complete registers. Its architecture is exceedingly 
rich and appropriate, and a close inspection is necessary to reveal the beauties of 
which only the general effect can be here reproduced. Only those who have been 
inside the great instrument know how complete and thorough was the work. Even 
the brass pipes that imitate the trumpet are shaped like the orchestral trumpet, and 
are of polished brass ; and the series of flutes are of choice wood, turned and var- 




THE ORGAN IN MUSIC HALL. 



68 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



nished, fashioned like actual flutes, and fitted with embouchures of brass. The total 
cost of the organ and its case was $60,000 ; and it ranks among the largest and most 
perfect instruments in the world. 

The Boston Museum, near the head of Tremont Street, is by far the oldest of the 
places of amusement in Boston. In 1841, Mr. Moses Kimball organized and opened 
the " Boston Muse- 
um and Gallery of 
Fine Arts," in a 
building erected foi 
the purpose at the 
corner of Tremont 
and Bromfield Sts 
In connection with 
the museum, it had 
a fine music-hall, 
capable of seating 
twelve hundred pep 
pie, where the dia 
ma very soon found 
a home. The sue 
cess of the ventuie 
was so great that 
the present build- 
ing was erected m 
1846, and the fust 
entertainment was 
given in it on the 
2d of Novembei in 
that year. The mu- bjsto^ museum 

seum i:)roper isveiylaige and mteiestmg It occupies numeious alco\es in the large 
hall on Tremont Street, the hall being furnished with several capacious galleries, 
which are all filled with curiosities and works of art. The theatre is large and well 
ventilated, comfortably furnished, and finely decorated. The " star " system is but 
little used, and an excellent stock company represents the best of dramatic novelties, 
together with the glorious old standard comedies, making the Museum a first-class 
comedy-theatre, which, as the Advertiser says, "is to Boston what Wallack's is to 
New York." It is a great favorite with all classes of patrons of the drama ; and used 
to be called the " Orthodox Theatre," on account of the distinction made by some 
good people, who objected to dramatic entertainments in general, but saw no harm 
in attending the representation of plays at the Museum. This theatre has been 
under the management of Mr. R. M. Field since 1863 ; and the veteran comedian, 
Mr. AVilliam Warren, has been a member of its company, with the single exception 
of one year, since 1847, being inimitable in many of his impersonations, and a won- 
derful stimulator of merriment. 

The Boston Theatre is situated on the west side of Washington Street, between 
Avery and West Streets. It is the largest regular place of amusement in New Eug- 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



69 



land, and is in many respects one of the finest. The opportunity for architectural 
display was most limited, and no hint whatever is given of the lofty and spacious 
auditorium by the 



external appear- 
ance of the en- 
trance. The first 
theatre in Boston 
^\ as erected in 1794, 
aXj the northeast cor- 
ner of Federal and 
Franklin Streets, 
<uid there Kean, Ma- 
1 ready, and Payne 
appeared. The pres- 
ent Boston Theatre 
was erected by a 
corporation that 
numbered among 
its members many 
leading citizens in 
18 5 4, and was 
opened on the 11th 
of September of 
that year, under 
the management 
of Mr. Thomas 
Barry. There is 
a stock company 

connected with this theatre, but there is almost always a ** star " performer to 
attract the multitude, — and a very large multitude can be accommodated within 
it. This is tlie house usually engaged for the representation of Italian, German, 
French, and English Opera. Most of the great American actors, and many dis- 
tinguished foreign actors and actresses, have appeared upon this stage. Jefferson 
and Owens, Booth and Forrest, Fechter and Sothern, Ristori, Salvini, and Jan- 
auschek, and a host of others whose names are famous in the annals of the stage, 
have here delighted the Boston public within the last ten years alone ; while of 
opera-singers may be mentioned Nilsson, and Lucca, and Parepa Rosa, and Kellogg, 
and Phillipps, Here too the gorgeous spectacular plays that have their seasons 
of prosperity have been presented in very complete form ; the greatest and most suc- 
cessful fairs ever held in Boston for charitable objects have been held here ; and the 
vast auditorium was the scene of the balls given in honor of the Prince of "Wales 
and the Grand Duke Alexis. 

The Globe Theatre is the newest and one of the most attractive of the theatres 
of Boston. The original theatre on this site was built in 1867 for Mr. John H. 
Selwyn, by Messrs. Arthur Cheney and Dexter H. Follett, and was at first known 
as Selwyn's Theatre. Colonel Follett subsequently disposed of his interest to Mr. 




70 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Cheney. After two delightful seasons of comedy under Mr. Selwyn's management, 
Mr. Charles Fechter became manager, and was in turn succeeded by Mr. W. R. 
Floyd. On Mr. Selwyn's retirement the 

name of the theatre was changed to the ^ "-"&:-■ 

Globe. Few theatre-goers have any but the 
pleasantest recollections of the first Globe 
Theatre, the interior of which was a pleas- 
ure to the eye, while the stage entertain- 
ments were among the most delightful ever 
presented to Bostonians. But in May, 1873, 
on the morning of Decoration Day, the thea- 
tre was destroyed in the extensive fire on 
Washington Street." For a year the site re- 
mained unoccupied, but in 1874 Mr. Cheney, 
with the co-ojieration of one hundred and 
fifty gentlemen, who paid $ 1,000 each for the 
right to one seat each during the eighteen 
years' lease, rebuilt it in an enlarged form, 
aTid it was duly opened on the 3d Decem- 
ber of that year, having been five months 
and three days in building. The auditorium 
is sixty feet high, and of the usual horse- 
shoe form. It has, besides the parquet, two 
galleries and an intermediate row of mez- 
zanine boxes. The stage is probably the most 
perfect one in the country, being furnished 
with all approved appliances for the perfect 
setting of scenery. A departure, and it is 
believed the first, has been made from the 
otherwise universal practice of constructing 
stage floors, this being entirely level. The magnificent silk drop curtain is some- 
thing to be admired, as well as the rich decoration and tasteful use of colors on the 
walls and ceiling, and the elegant drapery of the boxes. 

The Boylston Market was built in 1810, on the outer margin of the town, being 
designed by Bulfinch, dedicated with a speech from John Quincy Adams, and pre- 
sented with a clock by Boylston. The Handel and Haydn Society occupied it in 
1816, and afterwards it was used as a theatre, as Murdoch's school of elocution, 
and as a cliundi. It now contains the armory of the Boston School Regiment. 
Beethoven Hall is a neat and cosey hall nearly opposite the Globe Theatre, which 
is much used for lectures and concerts. Essex Street runs to the eastward from 
Washington Street, and here Gilbert Stuart lived and painted. The building op- 
posite Boylston Market bears a brownstone bas-relief commemorating the famous 
elm which once stood on that site, of which Lafayette said : "The world should never 
forget the spot where once stood Liberty Tree." Here the Sons of Liberty used to 
assemble, before the Revolution, to organize resistance to British oppression. 

Freemasonry has long been in a very flourishing condition in Boston, and, indeed, 




THE NEW GLOBE THEATRE. 



BOS TON ILL US TEA TED. 



71 




in Massachusetts. After the po- 
litical excitement against the 
order, thirty or forty years ago, 
had died out, there was a re- 
action in its favor, and since that 
time it has had hardly a check 
to its progress. The fine building 
now used for the United States 
courts was used as the head-quar- 
ters of the order until the limits 
were outgrown. Subsequently the 
several organizations, or a large 
number of them, were gathered in 
the building adjoining the Win- 
throp House, at the corner of Tre- 
mont and Boylston Streets, Both 
the hotel and the halls were de- 
stroyed by fire on the night of 
April 7, 1864. It was then deter- 
mined to build a temple worthy 
of the order on the same site. 
The corner-stone was laid with im- 
MAsoNic TEMPLE. poslug ceremouies on the 14th of 

October of the same year, and the temple, having been wholly completed, was dedicated 
on the Freemasons' anniversary, St. John's Day, June 22, 1867. On the latter 
occasion President Johnson was present, having accepted an invitation to participate 
in the ceremonies, which drew together delegations of brethren of the order from all 
parts of Massachusetts and New England. The building is of very fine granite, and 
has a front of eighty-five feet on Trcmont Street. Its height is ninety feet, though 
one of the octagonal towers rises to the height of one hundred and twenty-one feet. 
It has seven stories above the basement, of which only the street and basement 
fioors are occupied for other than masonic pnrposes. There are three large halls for 
meetings, on the second, fourth, and sixtli floors, finished respectively in the Corin- 
thian, Egy[)tian, and Gothic styles. On the intermediate floors are ante-rooms, small 
halls, and offices ; while in the seventh story are three large banqueting-halls. Both 
in its external appearance and in its internal arrangements this temple is a credit to 
the order and an ornament to the city. 

The land along Washington Sti-eet, between Milk Street and Spring Lane, be- 
longed originally to John Winthrop, who built his house thereon, in order to be 
conveniently near the spring of clear water from which Spring Lane derives its name. 
In the winter of 1775 Winthrop's house was pulled down by the British troops, to 
be burnt at their camp-fires. Under its thatched roof the governor often entertained 
the envoys and chiefs of the adjacent Indian tribes, and conciliated them by dijjlo 
matic feasts. The remains of the Puritan saint are in the King's Chapel cemetery ; 
his statue (by Greenough) is at Mount Auburn ; and his descendants are still living 
in honorable station among us. His estate on Washington Street was bequeathed 
by Madam Norton' to the Old South Church, which is the richest in the country, 
except Trinity Church at New York. 



71 a 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



The dry-goods store of K. H. White & Co. is nearly opposite the Globe Theatre, 
and one of the chief ornaments of Washington Street, with its palatial tront and 
the skilfully arranged displays in the windows. This establishment is perhaps the 
larcrest in New England, and has two acres of flooring, lighted from above by a large 



l,.H:wHlTt^CO 




white's dry-goods store, on WASHINGTON STREET. 

open space near the centre. The first and second stories are given to retail trade ; 
the third is reserved for the wholesale trade ; and on the fourth hundreds of women 
are engaged in making ladies' garments. The structui'e occupied by this firm is one 
of the most beautiful specimens of the commercial architecture of Boston. 

Another great dry-goods establishment in this vicinity is that of C. F. Hovey & Co., 
occupying a large and massive granite building on Summer Street. There are sev- 
eral other great structures devoted to this business in Winter Street. One of the 
I'.andsomest commercial buihlings in the city is on the west side of Washington 



BOS TON ILL US TEA TED. 



71b 



Street, near Winter Street, — a lofty edifice of light-colored stone, rich in fine 
carvings. 

The Boston Young Men's Christian Union was instituted in 1851 and incorporated 
in 1852 ; and is located in its building on Boylston Street, near the Masonic Temple 
and Public Library, and overlooking the Com- 
mon. A clock-tower rises above the handsome 
Gothic front of Ohio sandstone ; and the build- 
ing contains parlors, reception-rooms, class and 
reading rooms, apartments for games, for corre- 
spondence, and President and Directors' room, 
besides a gymnasium and a public coffee-room. 
There is also a library of 5,000 volumes ; and 
the collection of curiosities includes, among many 
other things, 475 birds whose habitat is in Mas- 
sachusetts. The Union Hall seats 520 persons, 
and has a stage and side-rooms suitable for the- 
atricals, for which it is often hired. Franklin 
Hall (which also may be hired) seats 125 persons. 
The benevolent work of the Union is very im- 
portant, and includes an employment-bureau, a 
boarding-house committee, committees for re- 
ceptions, for Christmas and New Year's festivals 
to needy and worthy children, for Tlianksgiving 
dinners for members unable to be with kindred, 
for clothing for poor children, for "the country 
week " (vacations in the country for poor children), 
for rides for invalids, and a committee on churches 
(of all denominations). There are also ladies' committees associated in these and 
other charitable and kindly labors. Another branch of work is the providing of 
religious services on Sunday evenings, by clergymen of all the vai'ious denomina- 
tions ; lectures, readings, dramatical and musical entertainments, and practical talks 
on matters of science, art, history, literature, and political economy. Classes are 
held in a great variety of branches, and also social meetings and suburban excursions 
for information and pleasure. 

The Boston Young Men's Christian Association owns and occupies a handsome 
brick building at the corner of Tremont and Eliot Streets, two squares from the 
Christian Union. Here it has a large and handsomely furnished parlor, a reading- 
room supplied with the current papers and magazines, a library of 4,500 volumes, a 
gymnasium, two class-rooms, and a hall for religious services seating 700 persons, to 
all of which visitors are cordially welcomed. Its open-air gymnasium near City 
Point, South Boston, is the only one of the kind in the country. There is also a 
great variety of lectures, classes, excursions, concerts, trade receptions, social gath- 
erings, and religious meetings, Avhich are very popular among the young men of the 
city. The Association was founded December 22, 1851, and is the oldest in the 
United States, having but one senior in America, — the Montreal Association, which 
Avns organized a week earlier. It was instituted for the especial benefit of young 




YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN UNION. 



71c 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



men coming to the city as strangers, designing to provide for them an attractive 
resort, pleasant companionship, and Christian influences. The Association was 

located in Tremont 
Temple from 1853 to 
1872, since which it 
has been in its own 
building at the corner 
of Eliot Street. Dur- 
ing the civil war 500 
of its members were 
in the field, and its 
army-relief commit- 
tee raised 1 333, 237, 
which was expended 
by the Christian Com- 
mission. After the 
great fire at Chicago 
it sent 134,084 in 
cash and $219,000 
worth of goods to the 
relief of the stricken 
city. During the 
past year the Asso- 
ciation has attained 
its highest record in 
money raised for cur- 
rent expenses and 
in membership, there 
being 3,016 members, 
and 383 members of 
the gymnasium. Mr. 
George A. Miner (of 
Miner, Beal k Hackett) is the President of the Association, and the Eev. M. R. 
Deming is its general secretary. 

The ofiice of "The Boston Pilot" is in this vicinity, and is the headquarters of a 
A^ast influence over the Roman Catholics of America. It is a weekly i)aper of great 
size, the largest Catholic paper in America, and has a circulation of 103,000, which 
is unequalled by that of any other Catholic paper in the world. The Pilot is owned 
by Archbishop Williams and Mr. John Boyle O'Reilly, and is ably edited by the 
latter, whose pen has done distinguished service in other lands. 

In connection with these powerful religious agencies it may be interesting to 
glance at the cosmopolitan character of the Puritan City, and to note the widely 
divergent elements which go to make up the Bostonian. According to the census 
of 1875,but one-third (114,164 out of 341,919 souls) of the inhabitants were born in 
Boston, while more than one-third (117,005) were bom in foreign countries. 56,413 
others originated in IVIassachusetts outside of Boston, and 52,760 in the other Ameri- 
can States. By far the larger part of the foreigners are from Ireland, which has sent 




BOSTON YOUNG MEN S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



71 d 



from the emerald shores 69,816 of the present citizens of the New-England metropo- 
lis. Canada comes next, with 19, 459 of her children now dwelling with us; and 
Great Britain has given us nearly 13,000 
souls, in the following detachments: Eng- 
land, 9,848 ; Scotland, 2,841 ; Wales, 
143. It seems that the stream of emi- 
gration from the British Isles, which 
Maverick and Winthrop started, has not 
yet ceased to flow to the shores of Massa- 
chusetts Bay. Germany has now 7,839 
representatives in Boston ; Sweden and 
Norway have 1,573 ; Holland, 362 ; Den- 
mark, 166 ; and Russia and Poland, 515. 
The Latin nations have made but slight 
contributions to this great Gothic migra- 
tion, although 1,280 have come from 
sunny Italy, 1,028 from France and 
Switzerland, and 877 from Portugal and 
the Western Islands. The various soci- 
eties kept up among these immigrants 
are full of interest, whether we speak of 
the multitudinous Irish orders, delight- 
ing in procession ; or the muscular Ger- 
man Turners, who support a theatre of 
their own (on INIiddlesex Street, near Cas- 
tle Street); or the kilted Caledonians, ex- 
pert in Scottish picnics among the braes 
and muirs of Plymouth County ; or the 
Italians, who honor Columbus in strag- 
gling processions ; or the various social 
and charitable organizations of the Ca- 
nadian Provinces. 

The Province House was on Washing- 
ton Street, nearly opposite the head of 
Milk Street, and had a handsome laAvn 
in front, embellished with oak-trees. It 
was_ a dignified brick building three ^^.^^^ ,,,,^ building. 

stories high, with a long flight of stone 

steps leading up to a portico, from which the viceroys used to address the people. The 
edifice was erected in 1679, and in 1715 was bought by the Province as a residence for 
its governors, being well fitted therefor by the,size and splendor of its interior and the 
agreeableness of its surroundings. Here Shute, Burnet, Shirley, Pownall, Bernard, 
Gage, and Sir William Howe held their vice-regal courts. After the siege of Boston 
the building was occupied by State offices, and in 1811 it was given in endowment 
to the IMassachusetts General Hospital, whose trustees leased the estate to David 
Greenough for 99 years. The new lessee erected a block of stores in front, and the 




72 



BOSTOX ILLUSTIIATED. 



Province House ultimately became a negro-minstrel hall. In 1864: it was burned, 
and only the walls were left standing, which are now covered with mastic, and serve 
as the exterior of a new structure. The old Province House Avas charmingly described 
by Hawthorne, in his ''Twice-Told Tales." 

Within the limits of the district w^e have described are, as Ave have said, most of 
the daily newspapers and most of the Aveeklies. The Boston Post occupies a build- 
ino- near the head of Milk Street, erected on the spot which tradition declares to have 
been the birthplace of Benjamin Franklin. The first number of the Post was issued 
on the 9th of November, 1831, by Charles G. Greene. In that first number the 
editor promised "to exclude from its columns everything of a vindictive or bitter 
character " ; and although he announced his intention to discuss public questions 
freely and fearlessly, he agreed to do so "in a manner that, if it failed to convince, 
should not offend." The promise has been faithfully kept. The Post has frerpient- 
ly maintained the unpopular side in political controA-ersies, but it has always done so 
in such a manner as to make almost as many friends among those it opposed as among 
persons of its oAvn political faitli. It has also ahvays maintained a reputation for 
liveliness and checi 
ful humor that has 
been Avell deserved 
The Post Avas fiist 
published in its 
present commodious 
quarters on the 
morning of August 
31, 1874. It had 
been driven, by 
street improve- 
ments, from the 
building occupied 
during the previous 
five years. The 
Post Building has 
a fine iron front, 
Avith a bust of 
Franklin, and is ad- 
mirably arranged 
internally. The 
street floor is used 
for a counting-room 
and the upper floois 
for editors' and 
compositors' rooms 

The only other 

stiictly morning mew in w \shington street globe office 

paper to be noticed 

is the Globe, the first number of Avhich was issued from its present office March 4, 




BOSTON- TLLUSTItATED. 



73 



1872. It was a quarto sheet, handsomely printed, and Edwin P. Whipple was its 
literary critic. Though professedly independent in politics, it advocated and main- 
tained the cardinal doctrines of the Eepublican party. In 1878 the Globe changed 
its form and tone, and is now a small four-page paper, closely printed, and adhering 
to the Democratic party. 

The Transcript was the pioneer of the evening press in Boston, and is, next to the 
Advertiser, the oldest daily newspaper in the city. It was first published in July, 

1830, and until the 
spring of 1875 the 
senior partner of 
the original firm 
was still the head 
of the house. The 
experiment was for 
some time one of 
doubtful success, 
but now no paper 
in Boston is more 
firmly established. 
During the entire 
period of its publi- 
cation it has had 
but five editors-in- 
chief. The late Mr. 
Haskell, the fourth 
of the line, held the 
position for nearly 
a quarter of a cen- 
tury. The Trans- 
cript has always 
been a })leasant, 
chatty, tea-table 
paper, full of fresh 
news, literary gos- 

W.v.SHINGTON STREET : TRANSCRIPT OFFICE BEFORE THE FIRE. jj^p^ ^ud clloicC CX- 

tracts from whatever in any branch of literature is new and entertaining. The 
spacious and imposing building in which it is now located is on the corner of Washing- 
ton and :Milk Streets. In general arrangement it differs but slightly from the 
offices of the other large daily newspapers ; but it is the newest and the largest 
of them, and has several special features that make it a particularly cosey and 
convenient office. The Transcript was unfortunate in the fire of 1872, for it 
was driven suddenly out of an office almost new, and gunpowder used in the 
cellar of the adjoining building destroyed its presses, types, and other material 
stored in its fire-proof, but not gunpowder-proof basement. However, the Globe 
was hospitable, and took the Transcript in ; and the present building is much larger 
and finer than the one that was destroyed. 




74 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



The Evening Traveller occupies a building at the corner of State and Congress 
Streets, — quarters in which it has been established since 1854, The Daily Traveller 
was first issued on the 1st of April, 1845, as a two-cent evening paper, — the first in 
Boston to adopt a price so low. The weekly American Traveller had then been 
issued more than twenty years, having been first published in January, 1825. In its 
day the American Traveller Avas the great paper for stage-coaches and steamboats. 
When the daily was founded, it adopted a course quite diff"erent from that of any 
other paper in Boston. It aimed to be a moral and religious organ as well as a 
medium of news. The old traditions are still retained to some extent in the Travel- 
ler, but it long ago adopted the purveyance of news as its leading object. In this 
])articular its reputation is firmly established, the news department, under a liberal 
management, being always fresh and well arranged. The arrangement of the Travel- 
ler office is similar to that of the other offices that have been mentioned, with one 
or two exceptions. The great value of space in State Street has led the Traveller to 
share its counting- 
room with others. 
One corner of the 
room is occupied by 
a telegraph - office, 
and in the two cor- 
ners on State Street 
are located, in rath- 
er narroAV quarters, 
two brokerage-hous- 
es ; and above, on 
the third and fourth 
floors are to be found 
the composition and 
editorial rooms. A 
view of the Travel- 
ler building is given 
in the illustration 
of State Street. 

The Boston Jour- 
nal is both a morn- 
ing and an evening 
paper. The second 
and third pages al- 
ways contain the la- 
test news, in what- 
ever edition it is 
sought. The Jour- 
nal long ago ob- 
tained an excellent 

reputation as a general newspaper, both for the counting-room and the family circle. 
It has a very large sale throughout Massachusetts, Maine, and New Hampshire, 




WASHINGTON STREET. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Yo 



and in conseauence of the peculiar character of its constituency has always been 
especially strong in its New England intelligence. The Journal was founded in 1833, 
appearing for the first time on February 5 <^f that year as the Evening Mercantile 
Journal. On beginning the publication of a morning edition, it took its present 
name. The Journal was the first newspaper in Boston to procure a Hoe press. It 
now uses two, — one of six cylinders, and the other of eight. The present building 
was occupied in September, 1860. 

The Boston Herald is a morning and evening paper, with a Sunday edition, and 
has an average daily circulation of over 100,000 copies, which is second to that of 
but one newspaper in America (the New York Sun). It has issued vas many as 
223,256 copies in a single day, a feat which is unequalled in the history of journal- 
ism. The forms are stereotyped, since no other method would enable it to print the 
requisite number of copies within tlie limited available time. This paper was founded 
in 1846, as a one-cent daily, by the name of the American Eagle ; and two years 
later assumed its present title, and took an independent position in politics, which 
it has maintained ever since. The editorial staff includes 44 persons ; and there are 
84 compositors, 30 men in the business department, and 11 in the stereotyping 
foundry. Early in 1878 the Herald occupied a new building which had been erected 
for it, with a fa9ade in the French Renaissance style, 100 feet high from the side- 
walk, massively constructed and liberally equipped, with copious ornamentation in 
rare marbles, sculptures, metal work, and precious woods. It is quite worth while 
to look into the business oflfice, on the ground-floor, and see its sumptuous adornment 
of many-colored polished marbles, plate-glass, and mahogany, and the busy scene 
which is there continually presented to view. The Herald publishes a Sunday edi- 
tion, in quarto form, of which great numbers are sold. Near this office are the 
headquarters of several other Sunday newspapers, including the Saturday Evening 
Gazette, which is largely devoted to society news ; the Boston Courier, of which ^Mr. 
G. P. Lathrop has recently assumed the editorship ; the Boston Sunday Times, the 
Saturday Evening Express, the Commercial Bulletin, the Journal of Commerce, and 
others. There are also numerous serial publications devoted to special interests, 
and addressed to more limited constituencies, holding offices in this district. 

The fine hall of the Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association stands upon 
the northwest corner of Bedford and Chauncy Streets. This association, of which 
Paul Revere was the first president, had been agitating the question of erecting a 
hall for more than half a century before the steps were finally taken that resulted 
in the building of this structure. The land was bought in December, 1856, for 
$31,000, and fronts ninety-three feet on Chauncy Street and sixty-five feet on 
Bedford Street. The building was immediately begun upon a plan designed by 
Hammatt Billings, and it was completed and dedicated in March, 1860, at a cost, 
including land, of about 1 320, 000. It is constructed of dark freestone, in a 
modification of the Italian Renaissance style of aj'chitecture. During the erec- 
tion of the City Hall the building was occupied by the offices of the city gov- 
ernment. 

A fine piece of architecture is the Horticultural Hall on Tremont Street, 
between Bromfield Street and Montgomery Place. It was erected by the Mas- 
sachusetts Horticultural Society, and is one of the most perfectly classical 



76 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



biiildinf,'s in the 
city. It is built of 
fine - grained white 
granite, beautifully 
dressed, and the 
exterior is massive 
and elegant in pro- 
portion. The front 
is surmounted by 
a granite statue of 
Ceres. The lower 
floor is occupied foi- 
business purposes, 
and above are two 
halls, not very large, 
yet adapted not 
only to their origi- 
nal purpose, for the 
meetings and exhi- 
bitions of the society, 
but for parlor con- 
certs, lectures, social 
gatherings , and fairs. 
The series of 
Sunday - after- 
noon lectui'es 
delivered in this 
building during 
each winter for 
several years 
past have made 
Horticultural 
Hall almost as 
well known in 
this country as 
Exeter Hall is 
in England. On 
the opposite 
corner of Brom- 
field Street 
stands the Stu- 
dio Building. 
This structure 
is occupied on 
the street floor 
by six large 




mechanics' building. 




HOKTICULTUKAL HALL AND biUL)K> bUlLDlNG. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



i I 



stores, while above is a perfect hive of artists. This building, indeed, is the; 
head-quarters of the artists of Boston, though many of them are located else- 
where. There are delightful artists' receptions here, to which the general public 
is invited. Besides the devotees of art, there are many private teachers of music 
and the languages in the Studio Building, and not a few of the rooms are occupied 
as bachelors' apartments. In this connection may be mentioned the Boston Art 
Club, which occupies a dwelling-house, remodelled for the purpose, on^Boylston 
Street, just over the border of the central district. This club includes among its 
members not only artists but business and professional gentlemen interested in art. 
It is serving a very useful purpose both socially and as a means of art education. 
The periodical exhibitions of things new and old at its rooms are attended by large 
numbers of ladies and gentlemen, who there meet the artists and their friends, and 
discuss the merits, of the paintings and sculpture displayed in" the spacious apart- 
ments. Another club, the Athenian, which seeks members in the walks of literature 
as well as of art, has also been organized, and has its quarters near the head of 
Beacon Street. 

The building occupied by the Mason k Hamlin Cabinet Organ Company for their 
warerooms on Tremont Street is a marble structure of great architectural beauty, 

which has added not a little to the 
attractiveness of Tremont Street, and 
has aided in drawing business down 
that avenue below Temple Place. It 
was begun in the spring of 1866, and 
was completed in the following 
spring, at a cost of about $175,000. 
The Mason and Hamlin Company is 
more extensively engaged in manufac- 
turing reed musical instruments than 
any other establishment in the world. 
The business has increased wonder- 
fully since the close of the war, and 
more than one hundred thousand or- 
gans of various kinds have been made 
at the Mason and Hamlin works. The 
company is now exporting many in- 
struments of its manufacture to Eu- 
rope. It has two extensive manufacto- 
ries, one on Cambridge Street, Bos- 
ton, and the other in Cambridge. 

At the corner of Washington Street 
and Central Court is the elegant build- 
ing occupied by Jordan, Marsh, & Co. 
VIEW IN TRKMONT STREET. g^g a rctall dry-goods store. It has 

a fine front of dark freestone, eighty feet long on Washington Street and five 
stories high. The street floor and basement only were at first occuj)ied by the fiim. 
The second floor was used as a wareroom by Chickering k Sons, the rear being 




78 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



finished off into a beautiful hall, while the upper floors were let to lodgers. 
The whole building is now occupied by the firm, and the wholesale depart- 
ment has been removed from Devonshire Street to a new building in the rear. 
The two structures cover a surface of from 20,000 to 23,000 square feet, and are 
connected by an excavated passage-way. Each building is furnished with a pas- 
senger and a freight elevator, all of them operated by a stationary engine in 
the passage-way between the two buildings. This collection of buildings was in 
great danger 

several times _ 

during the great 
fire, but fortu- 
nately no dam- 
age was done 
them. 

The Old Cor- 
ner Bookstore, 
now occupied 
by Messrs. A. 
Williams & Co., 
is one of the 
very oldest 
buildings now 
standing in the 
city. The exact 
date of its erec- 
tion is not 
known, but the 
building which 
preceded it on 
the same site 
was destroyed 
by the great 
fire of October, 
1711, and in a 
short time, 
probably within 
a year, the Old 
Corner Store 

was erected. jordan, marsh, and co.'s building. 

The history of this store has been traced from its first occupation to its reversion to 
the original use in 1817. In 1828 Messrs. Carter and Hendee took it for a bookstore, 
and to that use it has ever since been devoted. In 1832 Messrs. Allen & Ticknor, the 
lineal ancestors of the present firm of Houghton, Osgood & Co., took this position and 
retained it i\nder the successive managements of William D, Ticknor, Ticknor, Reed 
& Fields, and Ticknor & Fields, until 1865. The firm then removed to No. 124 Tre- 
mont Street, and soon took the title of James R. Osgood k Co, In 1874 they occu- 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



79 




OI.D COKNKR BOOKSTORE. 




MACUIXAK, WI 



pied new quarters 
on Franklin Street, 
and in 1876 moved 
to their present loca- 
tion in the Cathedral 
Building. The Old 
Corner Store com- 
bines excellence of 
situation with a sort 
of rambling pictu- 
resqueness that has 
made it a great fa- 
vorite with lovers of 
liooks. It stands in 
very nearly its origi- 
inal form, and is one 
of the best and most 
substantial examples 
of a style of archi- 
tecture that has gone 
wholly out of vogue. 
The magnificent marble struc- 
=1 ture on Washington Street occu- 
pied by Macullar, Williams, & 
Parker for their great wholesale 
and retail clothing manufactory 
and salesroom was built by the 
trustees of the Sears estate. Its 
fine marble front is very striking, 
and its internal arrangements are 
as perfect as its architecture. It 
is one of the largest buildings in 
the world wholly devoted to the 
business of clothing manufacture. 
It fronts forty-six feet on Wash- 
ington Street, and extends back 
to Hawley Street two hundred and 
twenty-five feet. This building is 
nearly an exact copy of that on 
the same spot which was de- 
stroyed in the great fire. 

The Sears Building, on the cor- 
ner of Court and Washington 
Streets, is one of the finest, as it 
was also for its size one of the 
costliest. The land was bought 
and the work of tearing down the 
old buildincrs was besfun in June, 



80 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



1868, The foundation was laid in July, and within a year the new building was 
occupied. It has a front of fifty-five feet on Washington Street, and of one hun- 
dred and forty-nine feet on Court Street. It is built in the Italian-Gothic style 
of architecture, the external walls being constructed of gray and white marble, the 
contrast of which is highly pleasing. The price paid for the land on which this 
building stands was $356,000, which was at the rate of about forty -three dollars 
a square foot, and the building itself 
brought the entire cost of the property 
up to about three (quarters of a mil- 
lion dollars. It is furnished within 
in a style of great elegance, and is 
occupied by two banks, several insur- 
ance companies, a score or more of 
railroad companies, engineers, treas- 
urers of companies, etc. A steam ele- 
vator of the best pattern conveys pas- 
sengers from the street-floor to the 
highest story. This elegant structure 
is one of many belonging to the Seais 
estate. 

The crookedness of Washington 
Street is not in all respects a disadvan 
tage. It permits many fine buildin£,s 
to be seen to better advantage than 
they would be if the street had bem 
laid out in a straight line. In pasv 
ing along the street, one of the most 
prominent buildings is the bankini, 
house of the Mercantile Savings Insti 
tution. This is, however, an old build 
ing with a new front, and otherwisi 
reconstructed. The new front is ot 
veined marble, resting on three col 
mnns of highly polished red QuincA 
granite. The elegant steps which g\\ t 
access to the basement and the fiist 
story are of pure white marble. With 
in, the apartment of the bank, which 
occupies the whole of the first story, is 
finished in black walnut, the walls aie 
tastefully frescoed, and the floors and 
counters are of marble, 

Boston owes to the fire of 1872 a 
group of buildings which are among 
the most stately and costly of any in the city. These have been erected by hfe 
insurance companies for the most part in the immediate neighborhood of the new 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



81 



\ 



Post-Office, though two fine structures of this class adorn Tremont Street opposite 
the Common. The magnificent marble building of the Mutual Life Insurance Com- 
pany of New York is one of the most beautiful as well 
as one of the most expensive of them. It fronts sixty- 
one feet on Milk and one hundred and twenty-seven 
feet on Pearl Street, and is constructed of fine white 
marble from the Tuckahoe quarr}'. It is intended to be 
fire-proof, the window-sashes of iron being set in maible 
frames, while all the floors are constructed wholly of 
incombustible material. The architecture of the extenoi 
is the modern French detail, adorned with elaborate caiv- 
ings, and crowned by a lofty Mansard roof. The chief 
feature is a beautiful marble tower, rising from the cen- 
tre of the main front to a height of 130 feet, and termi- 
nating in a grace- _==- " ^^ 
ful spire. On the _fr 
upper part of the ' 
tower is a large 
clock; and an 
alarm-bell hangs 
inside. Near the 
top of the spire is 
an observatory, 
surrounded by a 
brass railing. 
The handsome 
new building of 
the New England 
Mutual Life In- 
surance Company 
stands on the cor- 
ner of Milk and 
Congress Streets, 
with a frontage 
of fifty feet on 
the former and 
one hundred and 
eighty-one feet on 
the latter street, 
and is one of the 
chief ornaments 
of Post-Office 

Square. It is built of white Concord granite, except the basement, which is of 
Quincy granite, in the Renaissance style of architecture. The building is admirably 
constructed, and nearly or quite the whole of it was rented at good prices in advance 
of completion. A fine marble staircase runs from the first to the sixth story. The 




BUILDING OF THE MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY OF NEW YORK. 



82 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



building is furnished with numerous vaults and safes, the basement alone having no 

less than ten safes for the accommodation of the Boston Safe Deposit Company, 

The New Eng- 

land Mutual 

Life occupies 

th e second 

story of its 

building, the 

several offices 

being divided 

off, arranged, 

and furnished 

in the most 

convenient 

and tasteful 

manner. 

We have al- 
ready referred 
to the fact 
that tlie great 
fire resulted in 
an improve- 
ment of the 
appearance of 
the buildings 
that have re- 
placed those 
that were de- 
stroyed. In 
now noticing 
a few only of 
the new busi- 
ness blocks we 

do not select in all cases the finest of them. Tastes diff'er, and to spme people who 
pass through the improved streets lined Avith stately Avarehouses, it will seem per- 
haps that some of the finest of all are not mentioned. Our aim has been rather to 
give a fair idea of the average business structure, solidly built and adapted to its 
uses, than of the costly and often more picturesque edifices which have certainly 
added to the beauty of the city. One noticeable feature of the new buildings is the 
gi-eat variety of material employed. Before 1872 granite was the chief favorite, but 
the fire seemed to many to prove that under heat it is an exceedingly unsafe material. 
Whether this was justified by the facts or not, builders have acted upon it as a warn- 
ing, and the proportion of granite buildings is much smaller than it was formerly. 
Freestone has been freely employed, and its various colors are tastefully arranged 
in bands and columns. White marble, too, has come into far more general use than 
before, and adds to the variety. Iron is, on the whole, less used in constructing 
store fronts, but several very elaborate blocks present faces of this material. 




BUILDING OF THE NEW ENGLAND MUTUAL LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY. 



BOSTON ILL US TEA TED. 



S2a 



The Cathedral Building is a large and handsome iron structure on AVinthrop S<[uare, 
occupying the consecrated site of the ancient Cathedral of the Holy Cross, the scene 
of the labors of Bishop Cheverus, who was afterwards Cardinal- Archbishop of Bordeaux. 
It belongs to the estate of the late Isaac Eich, and its revenues are a part of the 
endowment of Boston University, to which the buihling itself will soon revert. 

A large portion is occupied by the publishing house of Houghton, Osgood & Co. 
which was formed in 1878 by the consolidation of the firms of H. 0. Houghton & Co., 




THE CATHEDRAL BUILDING. 



Hurd & Houghton, and James R. Osgood & Co. (formerly Ticknor & Fields). The 
new house retains all the important literary relations and the valuable copyrights 
which have been acquired during forty years, under its various titles. Among its 
authors are Longfellow, Whittier, Emerson, Hawthorne, Lowell, Holmes, Mrs. Stowe, 
Aldrich, Cooper, Bret Harte, Howells, Saxe, Whipple, Stedman, Bayard Taylor, 
Thoreau, Tennyson, Dickens, Thackeray, Scott, Mrs. Jameson, Macaulay, Mon- 
taigne, Owen Meredith, Hans Andersen, Browning, Carlyle, De Quincey, and many 
others of the best writers of America and England, to whom new names are being 
added yearly, so that the Cathedral Building bids fair to become one of the chief 



S2b 



BOSTON ILLUSTIIATED. 



literary centres of the Republic. A large nuinLer of medical and legal books are 
published by the same firm ; and the periodicals issued under their auspices are 
"The American Architect and Building News," "The Boston Medical and Sur- 
gical Journal," and "The Reporter" (legal and court reports and news), all of 
which appear weekly ; the famous "Atlantic Monthly," which has always numbered 
the best writers of America among its contributors ; and "The U. S. Official Postal 
Guide," which is revised and published every quarter, by authority of the Post- 
Office Department. Most of the books issued by Houghton, Osgood & Co. are 
printed and bound at tlie Riverside Press in Cambridge, which is controlled by 
the firm. 

On the upper floor of the Cathedral Building are the press-rooms and offices of 
the Heliotype Printing Company, which is conducted under the auspices of Houghton, 
Osgood & Co., and carries on a large business in the reproduction of engravings, 
th(! illustration of books, and commercial printing. The heliotype process was in- 
vented in London in 1870, by Ernest Edwards, who coined the word " Heliotype" 
to express the results of his discovery. The process was introduced into the United 
States in 1872 by James R. Osgood & Co. ; and Mr. Edwards, the inventor of it, 
has been from that date its superintendent. The pictures produced by this method 
are, in effect, photographs printed in printer's ink, at an ordinary printing-press. 
They are produced with great rapidity, and independently of light ; they are as per- 
manent as engravings, and require no mounting, but come from the press with clean 
margins, finished, and ready for binding or framing. 

Elsewhere in the Cathedral Building is the superbly decorated counting-room of 
Messrs. S. D. Warren k Co., the largest paper-manufacturers in New England, if not 

in America. Their specialty is 
jmper for making books and 
newspapers, and their mills 
are at Portland and Gardiner, 
Maine, and at Pepperell, Mas- 
sachusetts. The wholesale 
paper-trade has settled in this 
vicinity, since the great fire, 
supplanting the dry-goods 
houses which formerly occu- 
pied the ground. The book- 
stores have also moved in the 
same direction, leaving their 
ancient head-quarters in Corn- 
hill and settling about upper 
Franklin Street. The lower 
floor of the Cathedral Build- 
ing contains the extensive and 

BEEBE-WELD BUILDING, WINTHROP SQUARE. ^.j^j^j^ fUHlished officCS of thc 

New York and Boston Despatch Express Company, Earle and Prew's Express to 
Providence and other points in Rhode Island, and the General Express Depart- 
ment, the latter of which includes about ninety local expresses, whose routes cover 




BOS TON ILL US TEA TED. 



82 



over all New England, and have an immense amount of traffic. These light, airy, 
and commodious offices are situated near the business centre of the city, and are 
easily accessible from all points. 

At the south end of Winthrop Sfpiare is the Beebe-Weld Building, a large and 
imposing granite structure which is occupied by Parker, "Wilder & Co., a prominent 
dry-goods commission house, and Whitten, Burdett k, Young, wholesale clothing 
dealers. On the west side of the Square is the famous establishment o^ Abram 
French & Co., where all manner of china, glass, and other table-wares are on exhi- 
bition, filling large and well-lighted rooms. Fine specimens of Limoges Faience, 
Sevres, Doulton, Wedgwood, and other costly wares are to be seen here. 

The Equitable Building is a lofty and massive structure on Devonshire Street, 
alongside the Post-0 ffice, and as near as possible to the centre of commercial 
Boston. It is owned _ „ ^=_ ^= _=^^=^ — 

by the Equitable Life 
Assurance Society, 
and was built in 
1873, at a cost of 
11,100,000. The 
walls are of Quincy 
and Hallowell gian- 
ite, with pondeious 
brick backing, the 
floors being of im 
pervious artificial 
stone on brick arches, 
the partitions of 
brick, and the loof 
of iron and slate 
There are nine 
stories above the 
basement, which aie 
reached by three el- 
evators and bioad 
stairways of maible 
The basements aie 
occupied by ingen- 
iously guarded and 
apparently inipieg- 
nable safe-deposit 
vaults, in which 
property of an im 
mense value is 
stored. Above these 




EQUITABLE BUILDING. 



are banks, railroad and mining corporations, and other offices, occupying several 
high-studded and airy stories, Avith burglar-proof vaults whose walls are constructed 
of fifteen layers of welded steel and iron. Still higher up are Whitney's dining-room.s, 



^2d 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



■whose windows overlook the entire extent of the harbor and the open sea bej'ond. 
The roof is occupied by the United States Signal Service, with its wind-vane, ane- 
mometer, and other scientitic appliances, and officers of this department 'are contin- 
ually making observations hence. The cautionary signals to the vessels about to 
sail are displayed here, and warn of apjjroaching storms. At another point on the 
roof is the great time-ball, which falls at precisely noon of each day, being con- 
nected by telegraph with the Observatory of Harvard University, Hundreds of 
people visit the roof every week to enjoy the superb view thence afforded over the 
harbor and sea, the Blue Hills and inland suburbs, and the great city itself. Tlie 
prospect is almost equal to that from the State-House dome, and the ascent by ele- 
vator is much easier than the long climbup the stairs of the dome. Strangers in 
Boston cannot get an orientation of the city in any easier way than by accepting 
the generous hospitality of the Equitable Society. 




-AIRBANKS, BROWN, AND CO. S BUILDING. 



The new five-story building of Ohio sandstone, at the corner of Congress and 
Milk Streets, is occupied by Fairbanks, Brown k Co., the famous scale-makers, 
whose immense factory at St. Johnsbury employs many hundred men, and turns out 
all manner of scales, from those used by the coal railroads, and weighing 60,000 
tons a day, to the most delicate balances used b}' druggists and gold-workers. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



83 



Among the other large buildings whereof the architecture or the materials are 
worthy the attention of strangers are those in Winthrop Square, which are almost 
uniformly rich in design and handsome in form ; two new buildings erected by the 
Sears estate, one at the corner of Summer and Chauncy Streets, and the other at the 
corner of Franklin and Devonshire ; the store at the southern corner of Washington 
and Summer Streets ; the Lee Block, at the corner of Summer and Lincoln Streets ; 
the Simmons Building, on Water Street ; the Rialto, on Devonshire Street ; and 
others which a tour of the streets will brini^^ to one's notice. 

One of the most 
extensive busi- 
ness blocks in the , 
burned-over dis- 
trict is that erect- 
ed by the late 
Gardner Brewer, 
Esq., on Devon- 
shire, Franklin, 
and Federal 
Streets. It is of 
Nova Scotia free- 
stone, and is in 
general highly 
satisfactory from 
an architectural 
point of view, 
though by no 
means so rich in 
ornamentation as 
many others. The 
Federal Street 
corner, which 
forms a great 
building of itself, 
is wholly devoted 
to the crockery, 
porcelain, and 
glass business of 
Messrs. Jones, 
McDuffee, and 
Stratton, who 

THE BREWER BUILDING, OCCUPIED BY JONES, MCDUFFEE, AND STRATTON. 

cftrry on o* very 

extensive wholesale and retail trade in this class of goods. 

Another fine building is that on the northern corner of Franklin and Washington 
Streets, containing five large stores, the most northerly of which is a very wide 
double store occupied by Messrs. Weeks and Potter for their widely extended whole- 
sale business in drugs and medicines. The other stores are occupied by Messrs. 




84 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Edward Hixon & Co., Bradford & Anthony, and John G. Calrow & Co. The 
material is gray granite, and the front is designed in a very tasteful and dignified way. 
The improvement of this part of Washington Street since the fire is very marked. 




WASHINGTON BUILDING, CORNER OF WASHINGTON AND FRANKLIN STREETS. 

The five upper floors of the Franklin Building, on the corner of Franklin and 
Federal Streets, are occupied by the great printing establishment of Band, Avery, 
& Co. The office was established many years ago, and was very small at first, but 
has gradually grown to its present immense proportions. The firm formerly occu- 
pied the building at the foot of Cornhill, which was torn down to make way for 
the Washington Street extension. They then removed to their present building, 
which stands six stories high, and has a frontage of one hundred feet on each 
street, and contains all the improvements of modern printing. In this building 
every part of the art of book-making is performed, — type-setting, stereotyping, 
presswork, and binding. More than two hundred persons are constantly employed, 
and nearly as many more are in one way or another dependent upon the vast busi- 
ness transacted here, — the establishment being one of the largest printing-offices 
in the country. The processes of book-making are very interesting under any cir- 
cumstances, and they are doubly so when they are transacted on a large scale, with 
^11 the appliances of modern machinery. The site of Franklin Street was in old 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



85 



times a miry swamp, and was drained about ninety years ago by Joseph Barrell, a 
wealthy trader on the northwest coast of America. He was one of those who fitted 
out the Columbia and the Wasldngton, the first Boston vessels which doubled Cape 
Horn, the Coluiribia being also the first ship to enter the great river which now bears 
her name. The reclaimed site of Franklin Street became Mr. Barrell's garden and 
fish-pond, his mansion being on Summer Street. In 1793 Bulfinch and Scollay built 
here the first block of buildings in Boston, a line of sixteen dwellings, called the 
Tontine Crescent, in front of which was a grass-plot three hundred feet long, con- 
taining a monumental 
urn to the memory 
of Benjamin Franklin. 
Ten years later the 
Cathedral was erected, 
farther down the street, 
and was a great stiuc- 
ture in Ionic architec 
ture, designed by Bul- 
finch. In 1860 the 
Cathedral had become 
insecure, and the ground 
on which it stood was 
sold for enough to aid 
greatly in the constiuc- 
tion of the enormous 
and costly Cathedral at 
the South End. In 
1792 Boston had one priest and a hundred Roman Catholics ; now she has over sixty 
priests and a hundred thousand Catholics. The old Cathedral fronted on Devonshire 
Street, which was then known as Pudding Lane, a narrow and winding alley run- 
ning by the old Boston Theatre. Several of the ancient churches were also in this 
vicinity, and among them was the Irish Presbyterian Church, which rose in 1744, 
near the corner of Federal and Franklin Streets, and was conducted by Belknap, 
Channing, and Gannett. At the corner of Federal and Milk Streets once stood the 
stately house from which Gov. Shirley was buried, in 1771, and which was after- 
wards the home of the able and witty Robert Treat Paine, father and son. 

Artemus Ward, in a saying which has become proverbial, located Harvard College 
in the billiard-room of Parker's, on School Street. But it is not with the Harvard 
students alone that the Parker House is a favorite. Charles Dickens, who had, of 
course, a predilection for a hotel on the European plan, gave it the name of being the 
best house at which he had been a guest in America. The proprietors of the Parker 
House began in a small way in another building, and gained a reputation for provid- 
ing the best that the market aff'orded, which they have never suff'ered themselves to 
lose. Their present quarters are elegant externally, and sumptuously furnished with- 
in. The house is patronized very extensively by persons travelling for pleasure, and is 
a universal favorite with visitors as well as citizens. Its prosperity is so great that 
the proprietors have found it necessary to make an addition of two stories to their 




FRANKLIN BUILDING, CORNER OF FRANKLIN AND FEDERAL STREETS. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



present building, and to purchase an estate on Tremont Street, which has given the 
hotel a much-needed entrance from that thronged avenue. This new portion con- 
sists of a six-story marble building of fine architectural appearance, and its erection 
has added largely to the conveniences of the house. 

We end this chapter as we began it, with a view in State Street. This time 
our sketch shows the magnificent row of warehouses at the lower end of State 
Street, known as State Street Block, which contains some of the most substan- 
tially built and commodious stores in Boston. The former .proprietors having 



Long and Central Wharves, and having driven about 
to lay the foundations of this structure in December, 



filled in the dock between 
eight thousand piles, began 
1856. The lots were 
sold by auction in 
June, 1857, one of 
the terms of the sale - 
being that the pur- 
chaser should erect 
upon the lot bought 
a building in accord- 
ance with a specified 
plan, so as to make 
the entire block 
uniform. The lots 
brought prices ran- 
ging from $18.75 
down to $ 5.372^ per 
superficial foot. The 
building, or rather 
the collection of 
buildings, erected, 
covers an area 425 
feet long on State 
and Central Streets, 
and is of a uniform 
depth of 125 feet. 

The walls are laid in rough granite ashlar. The stores have each five stories and 
a double attic above the street, and the height of the buildings from the street to 
the crown of the roof is about 92 feet. The general apjiearance of this block 
of fifteen stores is of extreme solidity and of complete adaptation to the purpose 
for which they were designed. The excellence of construction was proved by fire 
but -a week after the gi'eat conflagration of November, 1872, when one of these 
stores, filled with exceedingly combustible material, was wholly destroyed without 
doing injury to the stores on either side. 

Many other wharves in Boston besides Long Wharf are covered with solid and 
capacious warehouses, though this State Street Block is the largest and most ele- 
gant of all. The visitor in the city will find agreeable occupation for many a 
leisure hour in wandering about the wharves, where there is, under the revival of 




THE PARKER HOUSE. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



87 



commerce in Boston, a perpetual scene of activity. The most important wharves in 
Boston proper are those in the immediate vicinity of State Street, — especially Cen- 
tral, India, and T Wharves, where most of the large steamers in the coasting trade 
arrive, and whence they depart. Atlantic Avenue, which is rapidly becoming an 
important channel of communication between the several wharves, passes directly 
across the foreground of our view of State Street Block. This avenue was laid out 



after some urging by 
the business men of 
the city, and the 
wisdom of the im- 
provement has been 
amply justified by 
the result. We have 
now a broad and 
well-paved street, 
which is almost en- 
tirely given up to 
the heavy di-ays that 
transfer freight from 
v.'harf to wharf, or 
from vessels to the 
business w a r e- 
houses. The bene- 
fits of the avenue 
are felt not only in 
the better and 
quicker delivery of 

freight, but in the _ 

very sensible relief state street block. 

that has been afforded to other streets that are needed for other purposes. More- 
over, this avenue was needed and has been occupied by the Union Freight Eailroad, 
which unites by a sliort and easy route the Northern and the Southern railway lines. 
The line reaches from the Lowell Railroad Freight Station, on Lowell Street, to the 
Old Colony, on Kneeland Street. This company owns no rolling-stock whatever, and 
its sole office is to transfer freight-cars from one line to another, or from tlie railroads 
to the wharves. This is done chiefly or altogether by night, and thus the regular 
traffic is not interfered with in the least. By the use of this line it has been made 
possible to load vessels at the large wharves directly from cars brought into the city 
over railroads that have no deep-water connection in the city proper. During three 
months of its operation by the company owning the road the amount of freight 
moved was something over ten thousand tons. The Old Colony Eailroad Company 
now operates it under a lease. 

The retail trade of the Central District of Boston is chiefly transacted in that 
section bounded on the east by Washington Street, the greater part of the territory 
between Washington Street and the wharves being given up to wholesale business. 




88 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



The ladies' quarter has its centre at the corner of Washington and Winter Streets. 
On any pleasant day the sidewalks and stores in the immediate vicinity of that 
corner are crowded with ladies engaged in the delightful occupation of "shopping," 
and the streets are lined with their carriages. The railroads have made it possible 
for the inhabitants of the cities and towns of half Massachusetts to make their 
ordinary purchases in Boston, and the large proportion of ladies carrying little 
travelling-bags is an indication of the extent to which advantage is taken of the 
possibility. 




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m WHITNEYS DINING HDDMSil 




A JSpe^cfialfey i^ mkol^ of* 



II II II II H H U II 



ENIBLIISH MUnrTOM CHOPS, 



II H II II " II " II » " 'I " » " " II 






The HeuctyeePrimtingCo, S20 Df/okshiee St. Boston 



JR-KOBIRSOU 




>n 'J* >i« » 'i' »;« 



t> If » » »i^ 1. 



JOHN H.ROBINSON. CHAS. H .WHITMARSH . CHAS. W.ROBINSON. 



^ 



FOl^EIGR ; 



PAPER HANGINGS 




406^SFimGT0n STBOSTOTi 



J[BR3M^RgNCHV 








BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



89 



V. THE SOUTH END. 




HE South End of Boston, as the term is now understood, is a district of 
residences. It is true that Washington Street, throughout its Avhole 
length, is given up ahnost entirely to retail trade, and that a considerable 
amount of business is done on other streets. There are too, here and 
there, large manufactories that are not to be overlooked. But, generally speaking, 
Boylston Street divides the business of the city on the north from the residences on 
the south. It is impossible to predict how long this state of things will continue. 
Boston business is rapidly expanding, and the room to do it in must expand likewise. 
The current is setting decidedly to the south, and^ear by year new advances are 
made in that direction, by both wholesale and retail trade. It is the firm belief 
of many that Columbus x\ venue will ultimately become a great retail business 
street, but that is looking far into the future. Yet it can have escaped no one's 
observation, that the district between Boylston Street and the Albany Railroad is in 
the state of transition that invariably precedes the full occupation of a position by 
trade. But we must 
speak of the existing 
lines of division ; and 
for our purposes we 
regard as the South 
End, given up to res- 
idences, all the tei"- 
ritory bounded on 
the north and west 
by Essex, Boylston, 
andTremont Streets, 
and the Boston and 
Albany Railroad, 
and south by the 
old Roxbury line. 

The. face of th 
country in this pait 
of the city is for the 
most part level ; ami 
indeed a very largi 
part of the territory 
was reclaimed from 
the sea. A great 
number of the horse- 
cars run to the " Neck," but the South End is no longer a neck of land. There 
are many among us who remember when Tremont Street was but a shell road 




VIEW IN CHESTER SQUARE. 



90 



BO^ON ILLUSTRATED. 



Hi, 





iiiilM W'M 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



91 



across flats. Now it is a spacious avenue lined with imposing stractures, as may 
be seen in our large view. Only a few public spaces were reserved in this part of the 
city. Franklin and Blackstone Squares are merely open spaces, — of great value, to be 
sure, for breathing purposes, but incapable, both from their small size and from their 
flatness, of being made very beautiful. Union Park, Worcester Square, and Chester 
Square have been made desirable for residence and for piiblic resort by simple and 
inexpensive means. The last-named has long been a favorite street for dwelling- 
houses, many of which are very elegant and costly. Through the avenue runs a 
park, narrow at the ends, but swelling out in the centre, in which are trees and 
flowers, with a foiintain and a fish-pond, making the park a deliciously cool and 
pleasant spot in midsummer. Most of the streets, other than those we have 
named, though generally pleasant, are somewhat monotonous in their appearance. 
The width and cleanness of the streets, and their air of quiet and repose, give a 
pleasing appearance to this large residence-quarter, which is, moreover, free from the 
overcrowding of population which is observable in the older parts of the city. The 
domestic architecture exemplifies that peculiarity of Boston houses, the "swell 
front," in great variety, but lacks the picturesque diversity of the Back-Bay streets. 
Most of the houses are of brick, in long blocks ; and they are sometimes beautifully 
adorned with woodbine or ivy. The South-End buildings extend in solid ranks to 
the Providence Railroad, where they are stopped as evenly as if the rails were the 
waves of the deep sea. 

There are but few public buildings in this section of the city, and we begin by 




GIRLS HIGH AND NORMAL SCHOOL. 



92 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



giving a view of one that should be characteristic of the district, as well as illus- 
trative of the admirable school buildings for which Boston is celebrated, the last and 
best school-house provided by the city for the education of youth. The Girls' Higlj 
and Normal School is built upon a lot fronting 200 feet on "West Newton and 
Pembroke Streets, and 154 feet in depth. The building itself has a front on each 
street of 144 feet, and a depth of 131 feet. The school has a capacity equal to the 
accommodation of 1225 pupils. The total cost of the land and the building was 
$310,717, of which about $ 60,000 was paid for the land, and $16,000 for the fur- 
nishing. It would be impossible within our limits to give even a brief description of 
this perfect school-house. It has an abundance of rooms for every department of 
the school, for museums, and collections of all kinds of articles necessary to the in- 
struction here given. There are no less than sixty-six separate apartments, exclusive 
of halls, passages, and corridors. They are all well lighted and cheerful. The 
entire building is supplied with hot air, radiated from apparatus located in the 
cellar, and is ventilated in the most thorough manner. The large hall in the upper 
story has received, through the generosity of a number of ladies and gentlemen, a 
large collection of casts of sculpture and statuary. Every room is placed in direct 
communication with the master's room by means of electric bells and speaking- 
tubes. On the roof is an octagonal structure, which is designed to be used as an 
astronomical observatory. In every respect this school-house is suited to the purpose 
for which it was designed, and is a credit to the city. 

^^--^ . ^.,.,==:;::=;::g=r;=^rf^g^-v'^ "^zTgfcu-- "Within a few years 
_ ^^J^^ 1^- _ the French "fiat" 
_ _ ""^^ =^==^- -^ee=^el: system of dwellings 
z^^^ has been very exten- 
sively adopted in 
Boston. There are 
now as many as 
foity great "ho- 
tels," as they are 
called, divided into 
suites of apartments 
\vhere families may 
lodge and "keep 
house " all on one 
oor. These suites 
lie of various sizes, 
and are variously ar- 
langed, but the jllnn- 
ciple is the same. 
_^:^ There are, too, very 
many houses former- 
ly used as single re- 
sidences, that are 
now let out to ten- 
ants, who take all the rooms on one floor; and again there are "family" hotels, 







WASHINGTON STREET, WITH CONTINENTAL HOTEL. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



93 




HOTEL BOYLSTON. 



where the apartments are arranged for the most part in suites, but where there 
are no kitchens, thus obliging the guests to take their meals at a restaurant, or at 

a table d'hote. But _^ _ — -^^ _ 

we have now to do ^^ ^^ ^ 

with the French 
system, pure and 
simple, which is il- 
lustrated in the im- 
mensely long and 
commodious Conti- 
nental Hotel, in the 
Hotel Berkeley, and 
the. Hotel Boylston. 
In structures of this 
class, a family rents 
a suite of rooms all 
upon one floor. 
Each suite has its 
own front door, — 
ojjening into a gen- 
eral hall, to be sure, 

—with an entry hall, parlor, dining and sleeping rooms, kitchen, etc. It is a house in 
itself. The tenant is generally relieved of the necessity of buying fuel, the heat being 
supplied by steam from the basement. Except that he uses the same street-door, 
the same staircases, and the same hall with his fellow-tenants, he is as isolated from, 
the rest of the world as he would be in a house of his own. The Hotel Pelham, 
on the corner of Bovlston and Tremont Streets, was the first hotel of this kind 
erected in Boston, but of late the system has become exceedingly popular, and the 
demand so far exceeds the supply that proprietors are able to ask and to obtain 
large prices for rent. One of the most elegant of this class of dwelling-houses is 
the Hotel Boylston, opposite the Hotel Belham and the Masonic Temple, one of 
the valuable properties of the Hon. Charles Francis Adams. Its architecture is 
"remarkably pleasing and tasteful, and its location gives it a great advantage over 
some other fine buildings that must be examined, if at all, from the opposite side 
of a narrow street. The interior has been arranged with great care to fit it for 
occupation by families, and its central location, added to its own excellence and 
elegance, have already made it a great favorite with those who are fortunate enough 
to have 4heir domicile beneath its roof. 

Some also of the largest hotels of the old-fashioned sort in the city are withm the 
South End district. We give a sketch of one, —the St. James. It was built by Mr. 
M. M. Ballon, and opened in April, 1868. Standing as it does upon Newton Street, 
facing Franklin Square, the beauty of its proportions may be seen to the best ad- 
vantage. It is elegantly finished and furnished throughout, with all the appliances 
of a nTodern hotel, including a passenger elevator worked by steam. The great dm- 
ing-hall is capable of seating two hundred and fifty people. Some of the rooms m 
this house are most sumptuously furnished. During the time that it has been open, 



94 



BOSTON ILL UBTRA TED. 




it has had for guests 
several distinguished 
persons, chief among 
whom is President 
Grant. Another ho- 
tel, and a most ele- 
gant one, is the 
Commonwealth, on 
^Vashington Street, 
:»etween Worcester 
md Springfield Sts. 
The material of the 
ro/-ts on each of 
these streets is mar- 
ble, and the hotel is 
finely finished and 
ST. JAMES HOTEL. fumishcd throughout. 

Columbus Avenue is one of the finest streets in Boston, and runs from the 
Common southwesterly towards Roxbury, being nearly a mile and a half long, 
straight and level, and eighty feet wide. It is paved with a costly preparation of 
asphalt, which gives a smooth hard flooring over which military and civic proces- 
sions frequently march. At the sides are long lines of first-class blocks of resi- 
dences, — brick, marble, brownstone, and Ohio stone, — with occasional open trian- 
gular spaces where other streets cross diagonally. The avenue begins at Park 
Square, at the foot of the Common, and near the Providence depot and the site of 
the buildings used in 1878 for the Exposition of the Massachusetts Charitable Me- 
chanic Association. The first important street to be intersected is Berkeley Street, 
and near this point are several large new apartment-hotels of the first class. The 
sjmcious and inexpensive building of the First Presbyterian Church occupies one 
corner ; the chapel and parsonage of the unfinished People's Church (Methodist) is 
on another ; and a little way beyond is the handsome stone structure occupied by 
Dr. Miner's Universalist Church, which rejoices in a tall spire and stained windows. 
A few blocks further out is the Union Chuich (Congregational), a very picturesque 
stone building, of Gothic architecture, covering the front of an entire square with 
its rambling group of church and chapel, and adorned within with a high pitched 
roof of open-work timbers. Not far away is the many-sided Church of the Disciples, 
of which the Rev. James Freeman Clarke is the pastor ; and one square farther to 
the north is the Warren-Avenue Baptist Church, where the Rev. George F. Pentecost 
was settled until recently. 

West Chester Park is a broad and pleasant avenue, as yet but little built upon, 
which crosses Columbus Avenue near its southern end, and runs out across the new- 
made lands of the Back Bay to Beacon Street and the Charles River. From the line 
of this street good views are aftbrded of the new part of the city, and of the high- 
lands and villages of Roxbury and Brookline. 

Tremont Street has been widened at great expense, but no art could avail to 
straighten it. Three or four squares south of the Common it passes the head of 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 94a 

Hollis Street, down which the ancient Unitarian Church is seen, with its tall wooden 
spire. Among tlie pastors of this church have been John Pieipont and Thomas 
Starr King, men illustrious in New-England literature. 

A little way beyond Hollis Street, Tremont Street diverges to the right, and 
its straight line is kept by Shawmut Avenue, which extends for more than eight 
miles, to Dedhani, the beautiful old shire-town of Norfolk County. Looking down 
this avenue, one sees the spacious stone Church of the Holy Trinity, the place of 
worship of a society of German Catholics, whose tall and graceful spire contains a 
peal of bells which ring on every possible occasion. Soon after crossing the railroad 
bridge on Tremont Street, the two brick buildings of the Parker Memorial Hall and 
the Paine Memorial Hall appear on a side-street to the right. The first of these was 
erected by the admirers of Theodore Parker, and is occupied by a society of radical 
Unitarians, before whom such men as John "Weiss and Moncure D. Conway have 
often preached. The Paine Memorial Hall perpetuates the name of Thomas Paine, 
and is used foi- a great variety of purposes, among which are frequent meetings of 
Spiritualists and free-thinkers. 

Tremont Street soon reaches the tall and imposing front of the Odd Fellows' Hall, 
which is described on page 98. The open space just beyond the Clarendon Hotel 
was occupied by Mr. Moody's Tabernacle, during the protracted revival services in 
1877. Union Park diverges to the left a little way beyond, and runs down to the 
Cathedral, passing the church over which the Rev. Edward Everett Hale is settled. 
To the right are the ponderous arches and handsome fa9ade of the new High School, 
where the Latin and English High Schools are to be united, in a building which 
will have cost more than half a million. At the intersection of Tremont and Brook- 
line Streets is the tall square campanile of the Shawmut Congregational Church 
(Rev. Dr. Webb), a building whose interior is very attractive and tasteful. 

Washington Street, after winding through the busiest part of the city, between 
Haymarket Square and Boylston Street, passes on to the southwest, along the line 
of the narrow isthmus which formerly united Boston with the mainland. This strip 
of land was formerly known as "the Neck," and still retains the name, although 
the water has long since been pushed back out of sight. The chief town-guard was 
formerly at the line of the present Dover Street, where a fortified wall was raised, 
defended by artillery, and provided with a ponderous fortress-gate. From these 
batteries and others adjacent the British garrison often cannonaded the American 
lines at Roxbury, and shattered the houses of that ancient town. The front view 
from Dover Street now includes the enormous mass of the Cathedral, which rises far 
above all the adjacent houses. Washington Street is chiefly devoted, through the 
South End, to petty trading, and the chief buildings visible are the large hotels 
and apartment-houses. Opposite the handsome marble front of the Hotel Comfort, 
near the former Roxbury line, is an ancient and neglected graveyard which should 
be sacred to every New-Englander, since it enshrines the remains of John Eliot, the 
Apostle to the Indians. The enormous growth of this part of the city appears when 
we remember that in ancient times wharves were built along the seaward side of 
Washington Street, from Beach Street to Dover Street, and the bowsprits of the 
vessels often obstructed the highway ; and that in the year 1800 there were but two 
houses between the site of the new Cathedral and Roxbury. 



94 & 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



The Cathedval of the Holy Cross is on Washington and Maiden Streets, and is the 
largest church in New England, seating nearly 3,000 persons. It was begun in 
1867, and completed in five years, P. C. Keeley being the 
architect. The material is variegated Eoxbury stone, and 
the architecture is the early English Gothic, the structure 
covering more ground than the cathedrals of Strasburg, 
Pisa, Vienna, Venice, or Salisbury. The interior is grand- 
ly effective, and is divided by lines of bronzed pillars 
which uphold a lofty clere-story and an open timber roof. 
The chancel is very deep, and contains a rich and costly 
altar, and the great organ, at the other end of the church, 
is one of the best instruments in the country. The im- 
mense windows are nearly all filled with stained glass, 
both foreign and 

American, repre- -_^^^ ^iL^ 

senting various ' ~" =— = 

scenes and charac- 
ters in Christian 
history. The 
stained glass is de- 
fended by heavy 
plate-glass two or 
three inches out- 
side of it, which 
also aids in equal- 
izing the temper- 
ature within. The 
chancel - windows _ ^ 

show forth the __^"i3 
Crucifixion, Na- ^^ " 

tivity, and Ascen- 
sion , and the tran- 
sept windows, each of which covers eight hundred square feet, represent the Finding 
of the True Cross, and the Exaltation of the Cross by the Emperor Heraclitus, after its 
recovery from the Persians. The height of the nave is on(i hundred and twenty feet, 
and beneath it are the class-rooms and chapels, and the crypt for the burial of bish- 
ops. The great organ is built around the rose-window on the west, and is the sixth 
in size in the world, having 5,292 pipes and nearly 100 stops. The chantry, with 
the smaller organ, is near the chancel and the archiepiscopal throne. The Chapel 
of the Blessed Sacrament is a beautiful little architectural gem, at the northeast 
corner of the building, and the Chapel of the Blessed Virgin is at the southeast 
corner. On Harrison Avenue, in the rear of the cathedral, is the new and stately 
mansion of the archbishop. At no distant day the old house on Washington Street 
now obscuring a part of the Cathedral, is to be taken down and replaced by orna- 
mental grounds. The ponderous towers on the front are also to be surmounted 




CATHEDRAL OF THE HOLY CROSS. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



95 



by ornate spires, respectively 300 and 200 feet high, which will doubtless be land- 
marks for many leagues. Probably something of the same spirit that led the 
Old South Society to insert over its church-door a tablet recording the fact 
that it was "desecrated by British soldiers" during the Revolution, and that 
led. the people of the Brattle Square Church to build the cannon-ball from Bun- 
ker Hill into the wall of their ediiice, has inspired the Roman Catholics to 
construct a part of the wall of this cathedral with brick from the ruins of the 
Ursuline Convent in Somerville. That convent was burned in 1834, and the 
ruin being at that time a more effective reminder of the popular hostility to 
the sect than a new convent would be, it was never rebuilt. It is somewhat 
singular that the Catholics have suffered less in Boston from proscriptive laws 
and the activity of religionists opposed to them than the Baptists or the Episcopa- 
lians. In 1647 a law was passed prohibiting any ecclesiastic ordained by the 
authority of the Pope or See of Rome from coming into the colony, but there is 
no evidence that it was ever enforced, or that any one ever suffered in person or 
property in Massachusetts by the authority of the government exercised against 
the Roman Catholic faith. In 1788 a Catholic chapel was dedicated. It is prob- 
able that services had been held in Boston long before, but neither then, nor 
before, nor since, so far as the records show, was any attempt made to suppress 
them. Contrasted with their lot, the imprisoned and banished Baptists, the pro- 
scribed Episcopalians, and the executed Quakers, had a hard time indeed. 

Not very far distant from the Cathedral, on Harrison Avenue, are the Church of 
the Immaculate Conception and Boston College (which is under the auspices of the 
Catholics), side by side. The church was begun in 1857, and dedicated in 1861- 




CHURCH OF THE IMMACULATE CONCEPTION AND BOSTON COLLEGE. 

It is a solid structure of granite, without tower or spire. Above the entrance on 
Harrison Avenue is a statue of the Virgin Mary, with an inscription in Latin, 
while above all stands a statue of the Saviour, with outstretched arms. The 
interior of this church is very fine. It is finished mainly in white, except at the 



96 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



altar end, where tlie ornamentation is exceedingly rich and in very high colors. 
The organ is regarded as one of the most brilliant in the city. This church has 
always been noted for the excellence of its music. The college was incorporated in 
1863, and has been very successful. The number of students is smaller than in 
some of the other colleges in the State ; still, it is increasing, and the class of 
young men who here receive higher education is one not reached by the Protestant 
colleges. The cost of the church and the college buildings was about $ 350,000. 

Among the many Protestant churches in this district of the city we speak of but 
one, the Methodist Church, on Tremont Street, between Concord and Worcester. 

^ __ ^_^^ ^^ This has long been 

regarded as one of 
the finest church 
edifices in Boston, 
as it certainly is the 
finest belonging to 
the Methodist de- 
nomination. It was 
one of the first, if 
n)t the very first, 
constructed of the 
Roxbury stone, 
= which has now be- 
5 come so very popu- 
lar. The plan of the 
-- church, with its 
J spires of unequal 
!^4 height at opposite 
!j| corners, is unique, 
and the effect is ex- 
ceedingly pleasing. 
The society worship- 
ping here was for- 
merly known as the 
Hedding Church. 
Meetings were first 

held at the corner of Shawmut Avenue and Canton Street in 1848. A brick church 
was built the next year on South William Street, which was occupied until the 
present edifice was dedicated, on the 1st of January, 1862. The structure is in the 
plain Gothic style, and stands on a lot 202 feet long and 100 feet in depth. The 
entire cost of land, buildings, bell, and furniture, was only $68,000. The land 
alone is worth much more than that sum to-day, and the church could not be 
replaced, if it were destroyed, for the amount originally paid for the entire estate 
of the church. 

More than twenty years ago the expediency of establishing a City Hospital was 
mooted. The physicians of the city urged it very strongly, and the subject was 
much discussed in the City Council. But, like many other projects of the kind, tliis 




MKTHODIST CHl'RCH, TRKMOXT STRF.F.1 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



97 



one was put off from year to year, although the necessity for such an institution was 
all the time growing gi-eater. At last in 1858 the Legislature gave the city the 
necessary authority, and in the last days of December, 1860, a lot of land on the 
South Bay territory, owned by the city, was appropriated for a City Hospital, The 
work was begun in the fall of 1861, the buildings were dedicated on the 24th of May, 
1864, and opened for the reception of patients the following month. The lot of 
land on which the Hospital stands contains nearly seven acres, occupying the entire 
S(iuare bounded by Concord, Albany, and Springfield Streets, and Harrison Avenue. 
A large tract of land east of Albany Street is also occupied for hospital purposes. 




CITY HOSP.ITAL. 



The Hospital proper consists of a central building for administration, pay-patients, 
and surgical operating-room ; two pavilions connected with the central building by 
corridors ; and another pavilion for separate treatment. The architectural effect, as 
will be seen from our sketch, is very fine. The Hospital receives and treats patients 
gratuitously, though many pay for their board, thereby securing separate apartments 
and additional privileges. From three to five thousand patients are received into 
the building yearly, besides about ten thousand out-patients ; and the cost to the 
city is .sometimes more than $100,000 a year. 

The people of the South End were, a few years since, without any general mar- 
ket ; but the want has now been supplied. A great market building was erected in 
1870 at the corner of Washington and Lenox Streets, and is thus accessible to the 
people both of the South End and of Roxbury. The building is about two hun- 
dred and fifty feet in length, and the lot on which it stands is about one hundred 
and twenty feet wide. There are nearly one hundred stalls. This is one of the neatest 
and best kept markets in the city. Its stalls are clean and bright as well as roomy, 
and the general facilities for doing business here by the market-men from the coun- 
try, by the occupants of the stores, and by the general public, are of the very best. 

On one of the most conspicuous sites at the South End, on the corner of Berkeley 
and Tremont Streets, stands the large and commodious Odd Fellows' Hall. It is a 



98 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




building of elegant design and of imposing appearance. The near expiration of tlie 
lease of the halls now occupied by the order compelled the Odd Fellows to seek quar- 
ters from which they 
could not be driven. 
The step was decided 
upon in January, 
1870 ; the Odd Fel- 
lows' Hall Associa- 
tion was incorpo- 
rated by the Legisla- 
ture at that time in 
session, the money 
was raised, the site 
purchased, and work 
was begun immedi- 
ately. The comer- 
stone was laid in the 
summer of 1871, and 
WASHINGTON MARKET. ^he extcnor of the 

building was completed before the winter set in. Since then the interior has 
been completed, and the hall has been dedicated and occupied. This structure 

covers about 
--=^ -=- - twelve thou- 

sand square 
feet, and is 
constructed 
of Concord 
and Hallow- 
ell white 
granite. It is 
four stories 
in height, of 
which the 
first or street 
story con- 
tains seven 
large stores, 
with spa- 
cious base- 
ments be- 
neath, ex- 
tending out 
under the 
sidewalks. 

The second story contains one audience-hall, with convenient anterooms and 
side-rooms ; also six offices on Tremont Street, with entrance from Berkeley 




ODD FELLOWS BUILDING. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



99 



Street. The third story has three large working-halls, with suitable ante- 
rooms, side-rooms, and closets ; also grand lodge office and grand master's 
private room, with other appendages ; also library-room and four committee 
rooms. In the fourth story is one mammoth hall, fifty-four by ninety-four, 
and twenty-five feet high in the clear from floor to ceiling, with anterooms 
and side-rooms ; also a banquet-hall, twenty-six by one hundred and ten feet, 
with adjoining rooms and closets. The roof story contains the encampment hall 
and other available rooms. The grand entrance to all these halls is from Tremont 
Street. 

The Central Club is an organization lately formed. It began in a little circle, 
holding ahnost informal meetings at the St. James Hotel, in 1869. The necessity 
for a social ^ _ 

club at the 
South End 
had long 
been felt by 
many, and 
this organi- 
zation rapid- 
ly increased 
in membei- 
ship. Only 
a few months 
after the ear- 
liest meet- 
ings, rooms 
were leased 
on Concoid 
Street ; and 
in the new 
quarters the 
Club w as 
once moi e 
besieged 
with appli- 
cations for 
admission to 

membership. Another removal became necessary, and in 1871 the elegant brown- 
stone residence on the comer of AVashington Street and Worcester Square was 
leased for a teim of seven years. The Central Club, having fitted up this build- 
ing in a manner combining elegance and comfort, removed thither early in 1872, 
but has since been for a short time dispossessed by a fire. The apartments are 
spacious, admirably arranged, and richly furnished. From the large cupola, which 
is reached by a winding staircase, a fine view of the harbor, the Highlands, and the 
surrounding country, can be obtained. 

The passenger station of the most important railroad leading out of Boston, the 




CENTRAL CLUB. 



100 



BOSTON- ILLUSTRATED. 



Boston and Albany, is situated on Beach Street, between Albany and Lincoln Streets. 
It is a plain structure of brick, and is neither as commodious, as convenient, nor as com- 
fortable as the business of the company warrants and demands. The comj)any itself 
is aware of this, and has been for some time contemplating the erection of a larger 

and better sta- 
tion, but as yet 
its plans have 
not been ma- 
tured. This 
station is divi- 
ded longitudi- 
nally, so that 
outward and 
inward bound 
trains leave and 
arrive at two 
practically dis- 
tinct stations, 
— a plan which 
greatly lessens 
the confusion 
usually arising 
from the meet- 
ing of opposing 

currents of passengers. The Albany road exceeds all the other railroads centring 
in Boston, not only in length, but in the amount of business done both in passen- 
gers and freight. Its supremacy in the latter particular is very marked. The 
Eastern Railroad now exceeds in the number of passengers carried, though the 
length of the Albany road makes its business in this department much the larger, 
but the Albany road transports more merchandise than all the other railroads enter- 
ing Boston combined. Although others of our railroads have Western and Southern 
connections, the Albany has the greater part of the land travel to New York and 
the South, as well as of the travel to Albany and the West. And it is very much 
the most important line of transportation of freight, especially of Western produc- 
tions, to Boston. 

The Old Colony Railroad serves the entire South Shore of ]\Iassachu setts and 
Cape Cod ; and it also by recent purchase is the sole owner of one of the most pop- 
ular railroad and steamboat lines to New York, known as the "Fall River Line." 
The growth of both local and through business on this line during the past few years 
has been very great, owing to the rapid increase of population along the line and 
the enterprising management of the company's affairs. The latter fact is illus- 
trated by the encouragement given to new settlers in suburban villages. A few 
years ago the company offered a free pass for a term of years to every per- 
son who would buy and occupy during that time a house at Wollaston Heights in 
the town of Quincy. The result of this experiment has been an immense increase 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



101 



in the revenue 
of the company 
from that sta- 
tion. Similar 
liberality on the 
part of other 
railroads would 
doubtless lead 
to equally grat- 
ifying results. 
The station 
building of this 
road, at the 
corner of Knee- 
land and South 
Streets, makes 
no architectural 
pretensions ex- 
ternally, but 
within it is one 
of the largest 
and best struc- 
tures of the 
kind in the 
city. Its wait- 
ing-rooms and offices are light and airy, and are made as comfortable as the most 
comf >rtless of apartments, railroad waiting-rooms, can be. 




OLD COLONY RAILROAD STATION. 



104 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



one to the General Court in winter, annually. It continued in the sole possession 
of the Winthrop family until 1808, when a part of it was sold to the government 




NOEPENDENCE, 



for the purpose of erecting a fort, which was named Fort Warren. The name given 
to the work now in process of erection is Fort Winthrop. in honor of the Governor 
of Massachusetts Bay and first owner of the island, while the name of the former 
fort has been transferred to the fortification further down the harbor. When fully 
completed, Fort Winthrop is intended to be a most important defence to the harbor. 





FORT WINTHROP. 

Fort Warren is situated on Georgi^ Island, near the entrance to the harbor, and 
is the most famous of all the defences of the city. George's Island was claimed as 
the property of James Pemberton of Hull as early as 1622. His possession of it 
having been confinned, it was bought, sold, and inherited by numerous owners, 
until 1825, when it became the property of the city of Boston. It is now, of course, 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



105 



under the 



jmisdictiou of the United States government. The construction of the 

present fort was begun in April, 1833, 
and was comjileted in 1850. The ma- 
terial is finely hammered Quincy gran- 
ite, and the stone faces, as well as those 
parts that have been protected with 
earth and sodded over, are as neat and 
tiim as art can make them. The fort 
ib one of great strength, but it has 
never yet been needed to defend the 
liarbor of Boston. During the Kebel- 
lion, it was used as a place of confine- 
ment for noted Confederate prisoners, 
the most famous of all being the rebel 
commissioners to Europe, Mason and 
Slidell, who were sent here for confine- 
ment after their capture on board the 
Tient by Commodore Wilkes. 

About two miles from Fort Warren, 
nearly due east, and at the entrance 
of the harbor, is the Boston Light. 
The island on which it stands has been 
^ used as a lighthouse station since 
s 1715, when the General Court of the 
i colony passed the necessary acts. The 
\ land was generously given to the col- 
: ony by the owners of it, though as 
; there is soil on only about three quar- 
■ ters of an acre, the rest of the two or 
three acres being bare, jagged rock, 
the gift entailed no great loss upon 
them. In the time of the Revolution, 
the lighthouse was the object of much 
small warfare, and was several times 
destroyed and rebuilt. In 1783 it was 
once more restored by the State, being 
built this time of stone ; and it is this 
lighthouse which still stands at the 
mouth of the harbor, though it has 
since been enlarged and refitted sev- 
eral times. The top of the lighthouse 
now stands ninety-eight feet above the 
level of the sea, and is fitted with a 
revolving light which can be seen from 
a distance of sLxteen nautical miles in 
fair weather. 




iU6 



BOSTON ILLUSTMATED. 




BOSTON LIGHT. 

Still nearer to Fort Warren, and on the direct line to Boston Light, is the ^])\i, or 
Bug Light. It is a cu- -^ ^"^^^^ JC/^^^^ ' ^ 

rious structure. The _^:^^- - fW^ 

lower part is a system ,,; 
of iron pillars fixed in "=[ 
the rock, affording no 
surface for the waves 
to beat against and 
destroy. The fixed red 
light is about thirty- 
five feet above the 
level of the sea, and 
can be seen at a dis- 
tance of about seven 
miles in clear weather. 
This light was built 
in 1856. Its object is 
to warn navigators of the dangerous obstacle known as Harding's Ledge, about two 
miles out at sea, east of Point Allerton, at the head of Nantasket Beach. 

The lighthouse on Long Island was built in 1819. The tower is twenty-two feet 
in height, but the light is eighty feet above the level of the sea. The tower is of 
iron painted white ; the lantern has nine burners ; the light is fixed, and can be seen 
in a clear night about fifteen miles. The object of the light is to assist in the 
navigation of the harbor. The government is at present erecting on Long Island 
head a strong battery, which has not yet been named. There have been several 
attempts to make Long Island a place for summer residences. There has been a 




BUG LIGHT. 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



107 



hotel on the island for some years, but it has been popular only intermittently. 
There is no good reason why these charming islands should not be so occupied in 
preference to some of the more distant points on the coast, where only occasional 




LONG ISLAND LIGHT. 

cool breezes relieve the heat of summer. An admirable suggestion has been made, 
that the city purchase Long Island, or some other large island in the harbor, and 
convert it into a park, to which visitors might be carried on the payment of a fare 
no larger than is demanded for a ride in the horse-cars. 

East of Long Island head there is a low, rocky island on which stands a singularly 
shaped monument. . It consists of a solid structure of stone, twelve feet in height, 
and forty feet square. All the stones in this piece of masonry are securely fastened 
together with copper. Upon it stands an octagonal pyramid of wood, twenty feet 
hio-h, and painted black. It is supposed that this monument was erected in the 
earliest years of the present century, though the date is not known. Its purpose 
was to warn vessels of one of the most dangerous shoals in the harbor. This island 

is known as Nix's Mate, though for what reason is 
not known. There is a tradition, unsupported by 
facts, that the mate of a vessel of which one Cap- 
tain Nix was master, was executed upon the island 
for killing the latter. But it was known as " Nixes 
Hand," as long ago as 1636, and this would seem 
to dispose of the story. It is, however, true, that 
several murderers and pirates have been hanged 
upon the island, and one William Fly was hanged 
there in chains in 1726 for the crime of piracy, on which occasion, the Boston 
News Letter informs us, Fly " behaved himself very unbecomingly, even to the 
last." It is a part of the tradition above referred to that Nix's mate declared 
his innocence, and asserted, as a proof of it, that the island would be washed away. 
If any*such prophecy was ever made, it has certainly been fulfilled. We know 
by the records that it contained in the neighborhood of twelve acres in 1636 ; 




NIX S MATH. 



108 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



there is now not more than one acre of shoal, and there is not a vestige of soil 
remaining. 

Point Shirley is the southern extremity of the town of Winthrop, but it properly 
comes into any notice of Boston harbor. Its chief attraction is Taft's Hotel, noted 
for its game dinners. Indeed Point Shirley, ever since it received its present name, 
has been synonymous with good cheer. A company of merchants purchased it in 




rOINT SHIRLEY. 



1753, designing to establish a fishery station. They never put the property to its 
intended use, but when they were ready to advertise the place, they invited Gover- 
nor Shirley to go down to the spot with them. He accepted, the party had a fine 
time and a fine dinner, and, by permission of his Excellency, what had before been 
known as Pulling Point Avas dubbed Point Shirley. The name of Pulling Point has 
since been transferred to another point of land on the same peninsula. 

We have only glanced at the harbor and a few of the numerous places of interest 
in and about it. The merest mention only can be made of some of the other points 
that are worthy of being seen, and of being illustrated aud described. The islands 
in the harbor are many, and of very peculiar shapes, which fact has given some of 
them their names, — as, for instance. Spectacle, Half Moon, and Apple Islands. 
Few of them are occupied, and many are uninhabitable, but the sail among and 
around them is in the summer time a most agreeable change from the hot brick walls 
and dusty streets of the city. If we extend our view beyond the harbor along the 
north shore we shall see Revere Beach, — one of the finest on the coast, — Lynn, 
and Nahant. Both the latter places may easily be visited by steamers. Nahant is 
perhaps the chief glory of the north shore. It is a peninsula connected with the 
mainland at Lynn by a long narrow neck, upon which is a noble beach. Those who 
dwell upon the peninsula regard its comparative inaccessibility as something strongly 
in its favor. They have not allowed a hotel to be erected upon it since the destruc- 
tion by fire of one that formerly stood in the town. Nahant is a favorite resort for 
picnickers, for whom a place has been specially provided which is fantastically called 
Maolis Gardens, — Maolis being nothing more than Siloam spelled backwards. For 
the rest, Nahant is occupied by wealthy citizens of Boston who have erected for them- 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 109 

selves in this secluded place elegant summer residences where, in the midst of their gar- 
dens and groves and lawns, they may live as freely and as quietly as they wish. The 
sea-view is magnificent. The peninsula lies near to the entrance of Boston harbor, and 
is practically an island at some distance from the coast. All the grandeur of the sea 
in a storm, and all the beauty of the sea on a fine day when the horizon is dotted 
with the white sails of arriving and departing vessels, the dwellers at Nahant enjoy 
at their gi'andest and most beautiful. Beyond Nahant are Egg Rock, a small island 
still farther than Nahant from the coast ; Marblehead Neck and Point, which are 
rapidly coming into favor as summer resorts ; Swampscott, already one of the most 
fashionable of the coast watering-places ; and Cape Ann, with its succession of beau- 
tiful sea-side villages, — Beverly Farms, Manchester, Gloucester, Rockport, and 
Pigeon Cove. On the south coast we may find equally interesting and equally beau- 
tiful places. At Hingham, among other objects to be noticed, is the oldest church 
edifice in the country ; and off Cohasset is the famous Minot's Ledge Lighthouse, a 
solid stone structure that stands where a former lighthouse was destroyed by a storm 
some years ago, on one of the most dangerous and most dreaded rocks upon our 
coast. 



^ ^^^'«^ 





1X0 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



YII. NEW BOSTON AND THE SUBUEBS. 

;^ E have already said that Boston has grown in territorial extent not only 
*^ by robbing the sea, but by absorbing other outlying tracts of land and 
wliole municipalities. The first addition of the latter kind was made in 
1637, when Noddle's Island was "layd to Boston." It was of very 
little use to the town, however, for it was practically uninhabited until 1833, when a 
company of enterprising capitalists bought the entire island and laid it out for im- 
provement. Its growth since that time has been very rapid, and it is still capable 
of great increase in population, as well as in wealth and business. A part of South 
Boston was taken from Dorchester in 1804 by the Legislature, much against the will 
of the people of that town, and annexed to Boston. Again, in 1855, the General 
Court added to the territory of the city by giving to it that part of South Boston 
known as Washington Village. However, Boston has now made it all right with 
Dorchester by taking to itself all that remained of that ancient town. Roxbury, 
which had a history of its own, and a name which many of the citizens were exceed- 
ingly loath to part with, became a part of Boston on the 6th of January, 1868. It 
was incorporated as a town but a few days after Boston, it was the home of many dis- 
tinguished men in the annals of Massachusetts and the country, and it took a glori- 
ous part in the several struggles in which the Colonies and the Union were engaged. 
In the old times, when a narrow neck of land was the only connection between 
Boston and Eoxbury, there were good reasons why the two should be under separate 
governments ; but long ago the two cities had met, and joined each other. It was 
not uncommon for buildings to be standing partly in one city and partly in the other, 
A man might eat dinner with his wife, he being in Boston, while she, on the 
opposite side of the table, was in Roxbury. When at last the long-vexed question 
was submitted to the voters of the two cities, it was enthusiastically decided by both 
in favor of union. Dorchester was incorporated the same day as Boston. It too had 
its history, and but for the manifest advantages to both municipalities of a union, 
might have retained its separate existence. The act of union, passed by the Legisla- 
ture in June, 1869, was accepted by the voters of both places the same month, and 
the union was consummated on the 3d of January, 1870. The Legislature of 1873 
passed separate acts annexing Charlestown, West Roxbury, Brookline, and Brighton, 
to Boston, each case being made independent of the others and dependent upon the 
consent of the parties to the union. Only Brookline uttered a "nay " to the wooer, 
and the other three became parts of Boston at the beginning of 1874. It is with a 
few among the many objects of interest in these outlying jiarts of Boston, and in 
the suburbs, that we shall have to do in this chapter. 

One of the most interesting of the public institutions in the city is the 
Perkins Institution and Massachusetts Asylum for the Blind, at South Boston. 
It has been more tlian forty years in operation with uninterrupted and most 
remarkable success. It was instituted in 1831. In the following year. Dr. 
Samuel G. Howe undertook its organization, and began operations with six blind 
children as the nucleus of a school. For a year the institution was greatly ham- 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Ill 



Dered by a lack of funds; but a promise of an annual grant by the Legisla- 
ture' a generous sum raised by a ladies' fair, and libera^ contributions by the 

people of Boston, 

speedily settled 

the financial 

question and 

opened a period 

of prosperity and 

nsefulness which 

has continued to 

the present time. 

The amount of 

good done by this 
Institution during 

the many years it 
has been in op- 
eration is inoalcu- 
lable. Wonders 
have been accom- 
plished in the in- 
struction of un- 
fortunate youth 
deprived of sight, 
and in some cases, 
notably that of 
Laura Bridgman, perkins institution for the blind. 

Th sxe! are entirely separated, the ladies and girls having been removed ta onr 

I' 1 ng h es hnilt for the purpose. The innrates of both sexes, - ^rnded ^n o 

families each of which keeps a separate account of its expenses. The Asylum 

i^eWovUsuchlfthe^pilsasarea^ 

L at a boarding-school, and all the pupils hemg taught some useful trade^ bever 

States, partieulavly the New England States, pay for the support of a large number 

"'Ttt^rand Albany Kailroad Company has earned the gratitude of the W 
nJs men of Boston by many enterprises, which have both increased its great :. e- 
nuesa^d added to the commerce of Boston, ''»^^y nothing morethanbj^l^ pu- 
rhase and extensive use of the Grand Junction Railroad and the Wharf at East Bos 
on The rllroad forms a connection between the main line of the Boston and 
iTbany! and the Fitchburg, Lowell, Eastern, and Boston and Maine Railroads, and 




112 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



gives 
here 



the Albany road a deep-water connection. Wheat-trains from the "West are 
emptied of their contents by machinery directly into an elevator which has 

lately been doubled 



in size, 

and will have a capacity of a 
million bushels, from which 
in turn vessels may be rap- 
idly loaded. Ample facilities 
are afforded for loading and 
unloading the Cunard and 
other lines of steamships, 
which swell so largely the 
tables of exports and imj^orts 
of this jiort. And the facili- 
ties for the reception and de- 
spatch of immigrants at the 
Grand Junction Wharf are 
unequalled by those of any 
. other city on the continent. 
^ Such as are to continue their 
g journey by land into other 
H States are provided with every 
u comfort, and completely se- 
'■^ eluded from the sharpers who 
« are always on the look-out 
I for an opportunity to swindle 
g the poor foreigners unused to 
P the customs and often igno- 
§ rant of the language of the 
a country, until they are sent 
< away in trains over the Grand 
'^ Junction and the Boston and 
Albany roads without be- 
ing compelled even to pass 
through the city. The amount 
of business transacted at this 
wharf is immense, but the 
statistics would hardly con- 
vey a proper idea of it to 
those who have not made 
the transportation question a 
special study. The railroad 
and wharves were built in 
1850 - 51, and on the occa- 
sion of their opening a three 
days' jubilee was held in Bos- 
ton, in which many notables. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



113 



the President of the United States among them, participated. But the sanguine 
expectations of the people of Boston were not realized until long afterwards. The 
enterprise did not pay. And when the present owners came into possession of the 
property in 1868, no train had been run over the road in fourteen years. Vast 
improvements have been made since then. The manner of doing business at the 
wharf, as well as its immense amount, is interesting enough to repay amply the 
trouble of a visit. Our sketch shows the extent of the improvements, and gives a 
good view of the city from East Boston. 

Eliot Square, into which Dudley, Roxbury, and Highland Streets converge, is a 
small park in Roxbury, which possesses several points of interest. Here stands the 
old Unitarian meet- 
ing - house of the 
first church in Rox- 
bury, taking rank 
in age next after 
the first church in 
Boston. Over this 
church the Rev. 
Dr. George Putnam 
was settled as pas- 
tor for over forty 
years. The dwell- 
ing-houses in this 
s(^uare are many of 
tliem old, this part 
of Roxbury having 
been settled lonff first church in roxbury, and the Norfolk house. 

before the over-crowded streets of Boston sent thousands of the citizens to seek 
sites for modern villas on the more picturesque hillsides of this and otlier suburban 
towns. On this square, too, stands the Norfolk House, a fine building externally, 
and a favorite boarding-hotel. 

One of the most important improvements in the Cochituate water-works was 
made in 1869, when the stand-pipe in Roxbury was erected and put in use. By 
this sim.ple expedient, which has been found to work admirably in practice, the 
"head" of water has been increased over the whole city so greatly that the pure 
water is forced to the highest levels occuj)ied by dwelling-houses. The stand-pipe it 
on the "Old Fort" lot in Roxbury, between Beech-Glen Avenue and Fort Avenue. 
The base of the shaft is 158 feet above tide marsh level. The interior pipe is a 
cylinder of boiler iron, eighty feet long; and around this pipe, but within the exterior 
wall of brick, is a winding staircase leading to a lookout at the top. The total cost 
of the structure and the pumping- works connected with it was about $100,000. 
It was at first intended to supply high service to only those parts of the city at the 
higher levels, but its capacity was found adequate to the supply of the whole city, 
and the use of the old reservoir on Beacon Hill was therefore abandoned, though it 
would doubtless become useful in case of an accident to these works. 




114 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Eoxbury always had a good reputation 
for rememl)ering its great men. Ameri- 
can cities do not nowadays follow tlie cus- 
tom of naming districts or wards after 
their famous men, and in some of them 
even the streets are mostly called by num- 
bers. Paris goes to one extreme, com- 
memorating days and historical events bv 
such names as Rue Dix Decern bre, Rue 
de la Dette, changed from Boulevard 
Haussmanii, and so on. New York and 
Washington go to the other extreme v/ith 
their Avenue A'Sj and their Four-and-a- 
half Streets. Boston has gone but slight- 
ly into this unromantic nomenclature, and 



Roxbury not at all. 
Dudley, Eustis, and 
Warren Streets, and 
numerous others 
named in memory 
of distinguished citi- 
zens. General Jo- 
seph Warren has 
been especially re- 
membered, for besides 
the street which 




We have 



bears his name, 
there is a steam fire- 
engine called after 
him, and the dwell- 
ing-house that 
stands on the spot 
where his house 
stood, bears a tab- 
let commemorating 
the fact. The house 
stands in a charm- 
ing site behind a 
row of fine old 
trees. 

In another part 
of Roxbury is the 



STAND-PIPE OF COCHITUATE WATER-WORKS. 




famous chromo-lithographic 
establishment of Prang & Co. 
This firm has latterly added 
to their extensive chromo- 
lithographic business the 
publication of works on Nat- 
ural History, and Art and 
Art Education, for the pro- 
duction of which their ex- 
tensive facilities for litho- 
graphic color-printing gives 
them great advantages. The 
character and variety of the 
firms' publications in these 
departments entitle it to be 
regarded as pre-eminently 
the art-publishing house of 
America. An establishment 
like this of the 



WAKKEN HOUSH 



BOSTON TLLirSTRATED. 



115 



Prancr & Co. is a credit to Boston, and attracts many visitors, as the reputation of 
the work produced here is so well known. In England and Germany, — where 
the firm has special ^_. _^^ ^ ^^ps^:?-:^ 

agencies, — and also ~ . ~ 

in South America 
and India, the sales 
of Prang's chromos 
are very extensive ; 
so much so that 
Prang & Co. are 
among our heavi- 
est exporters. 

Dorchester was a 
delightful old town 
and a charming new 
town. It retains its 
ancient character- 
istics, and some of 
the very old houses 
are still preserved 
But its picturesque 
hills and its fine 
old woods have 
v\'ithin the past few 
years made it a favorite place for the erection of elegant country residences. On 

many of the es- ^' "" 

tates vast sums 
of money were 
lavished. The 
skill of the ar- 
chitect and the 
art of the land- 
scape - gardener 
were invoked to 
render these re- 
treats as mag- 
nificent as pos- 
sible. By such 
means the scen- 
ery of Dorches- 
ter has been 
made exceed- 
ingly rich and 
varied. Here 
the road passes 





MEETING-HOUSE HILL. 



the road passes ,. , , i n- 

through the midst of large and finely kept estates, surroundmg handsome dweUing- 



116 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



houses, to plunge into a wilderness, where the fields are barren and rocky, and the 

forests in all their primitive wildness. 
Again we come upon a thriving 
village, and pass out of it to find 
new beauties by the sea-side. We 
give two views of Dorchester scen- 
ery, the one showing Meeting-House 
Hill, which is one of the land- 
marks in Dorchester, and the other 
Savin Hill, as seen from Dorchester 
Point, — the first belonging to the 
older part of Dorchester, the latter 
comparatively new as a place of resi- 
dence. 

The estate known as Grove Hall, 
at the junction of Warren Street and 
Blue Hill Avenue, in Dorchester, was 
purchased for the Consumptives* 
Home a few years ago, and is now 
occupied by that and its attendant 
institutions. It is a very large and 
spacious mansion, and is surrounded 
with ample grounds, making the situ- 
ation a most pleasant retreat for the 
poor, diseased people who come here 
for treatment and cure, or for a com- 
fortable home until they are released 
from suff'ering by death. The system 
on which the Consumptives' Home 
is supported is the same as that upon 
which the famous orphan asylum of 
Miiller is maintained. The founder 
was Dr. Charles Cullis, whose atten- 
tion was drawn, in 1862, to the lack 
of provision in any existing hospital 
for persons sick with consumption, 
and incurable. He began without 
any funds, and makes it a practice 
to depend upon daily contributions 
for the daily wants of the Home. 
Dr. Cullis calls this institution "A 
Work of Faith," because he has never 
solicited any donations, but has 
prayed to God for aid in the work ; 
and he looks upon the contributions 
he receives as direct answers to his 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



117 




prayers. The receipts from casual donations, -from the proceeds of a fair, and froTn 
the estate of the late Miss Nabby Joy, in 1871, exceeded the sum of fifty-five 

thousand dollars. The usual number of patients 

is from thirty-five to fifty ; it scai-cely need be 

said that there are frequent changes, owing to 

the hopeless nature of the disease. The plan 

of the institution is to admit all poor persons 

sick with consumption, and without home or 

friends to relieve them, 

old or young, black or 

^ white, native or foreign. 

All are, in the language 

of the Report, ' ' freely 

received in the name of 

the Lord." 

The history of the Bos- 
ton Waterworks belongs 
properly in a description 
of the Brighton District, 
where the most extensive 
and costly work is. The 
original introduction of 
water is mentioned on page 

CONSUMPTIVES' HOME, DORCHESTER. 28. Thc grOWth of thc 

city has been so wonderful that what was originally calculated to be a sufficient 
supply of water for half a century was, in a few years, found to be inadequate. 

Again and again have 
measures been taken 
to make good the de- 
ficiency. In 1872 a 
comprehensive scheme 
was entered upon 
which, it was hoped, 
would avert for 
<in indefinite period 
all fears of a water 
famine. That this 
liope has been dis- 
appointed and that a 
still more extensive 
and expensive scheme 
- has been adopted, 
^ namely the introduc- 
tion of the use of 

ENTRANCE TO THE .ESKRVOIK GROUNDS. .^^^ ^"^^"7 ^^^''' 

IS matter of history. 
The necessity for building a new reservoir, for the purpose of storing the water that 




118 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



119 



usually ran to waste over the dam at Lake 




GA.TE HOI SF 



LSTMI HILL 



Cocliituate during and after the spring 
and fall freshets, was urged by 
the Water Board in 1863, but 
nothing was then done about it. 
The next year the City Council 
began to move in the matter. 
In 1865 the Legislature gave the 
necessary authority to the city. 
I'urchases of land were imme- 
diately made, and the work be- 
gun. More than two hundred 
acres of land, costing about 
$120,000, were deeded to the 
city befoi'e the reservoir was 
finished. Like the Brookline 
Keservoir, it constituted a natu- 



ral basin. It is five miles from the 
Boston City Hall, and one mile from 
the Brookline Reservoir. It lies whol- 
ly in the Brighton district of Bos- 
ton, near Chestnut Hill, from which 
it derives its name. It is, in fact, a 
double reservoir, being divided by a 
water-tight dam into two basins of 
irregular shape. The surface of wa- 
ter in both is about one hundred 
and twenty-five acres, and when 
filled to their fullest capacity the 
two basins will hold nearly eight --- 
hundred million gallons, or a sufii- 
cient supply for the entire city for 
several weeks. As we have said, even 




THE DRIVE, ON THE MARGIN OF THE SMALL RESERVOIR 



120 



BOSTON ILL US Til A TED. 



this addition to the works has been found inadequate, and during the 

thority was obtained for the city xo 

take water from the Sudbury River. 

A temporary supply was procured by 

connecting the river with Lake Cochit- 

uate, and the work of bringing the 

water to the reservoirs by independent 

mains has since been carried out. 

The Chestnut Hill Reservoir is not 
only a great beneht to the city in its 
practical uses, it is also a great pleasure 
resort. A magnificent driveway, va- 
rying from sixty to eighty feet in 
width, surrounds the entire work, and 
is one of the greatest attractions of the 
suburbs of Boston. It is, in fact, the 
most popular drive in the vicinity. In 
some parts the road runs along close 
to the embankment, separated from it 
only by the beautiful gravelled walk 
with the sodding on either side. 
Elsewhere it leaves the embankment 
and rises to a higher level at a little 
distance, from which an uninterrupted 
view of the entire reservoir can be had. 
The scenery in the neighborhood is so 
varied that it would of itself make this 
region a delightful one for pleasure 
driving, without the added attractions 
of the charming sheet of water, the 
graceful curvatures of the road, and 
the neat, trim appearance of the green- 
sward that lines it throughout its en- 
tire length. 

Before the introduction of water from 
Lake Cochituate the city was dependent 
upon wells and springs, and upon 
Jamaica Pond, in West Roxbury, 
which is now Ward Twenty -three of 
Boston. A company was incorporat- 
ed in 1795 to bring water into Boston 
from that source, and its powers were 
enlarged by subsequent acts. It was 
for a long time a bad investment for 
the shareholders. Afterwards the com- 
pany had a greater degree of prosperity, 
and at one time it sup|)lied at leant 



year 1872 au- 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



121 



fifteen hundred houses in Boston. 




The water was conveyed through the streets hy 
four main pipes, consisting of pine 
logs. Two of these were of four 
inches, and two of three inches bore. 
The water thus brought into the city 
was conveyed nearly as far north as 
State Street. In 1840 an iron mahi, 
ten inches in diameter, was laid 
through the whole length of Tremont 
Street to Bowdoin Square. The com- 
pany was ready to increase the supply 
very largely, but the prospective 
wants of the city were far beyond the 
capacity of Jamaica Pond to supply, 
and the Lake Cochituate enterprise 
not only prevented the aqueduct com- 
pany from enlarging its operations, 
but rendered all its outlay in Boston 
useless and valueless. The city, how- 
ever, made compensation by purchas- 
ing the franchise and property for the 
sum of 1 45,000, in 1851. The prop- 
erty, minus the franchise, which the 
, city of course Avished to extinguish, 
was sold in 1856 for $32,000. At this 
time the pipes were disconnected at 
the Roxbury line, but those in Boston 
were never taken up. At present the 
chief practical use of Jamaica Pond is 
to furnish in winter a great quantity 
of ice, which is cut and stored in the 
large houses on its banks for consump- 
tion in the warm weather. It is a 
great resort for young and some older 
people in the winter for skating. 
Beautiful residences line its banks, 
and the drive around it is one of the 
most beautiful of the many which 
make the suburbs of Boston so at- 
tractive to its own citizens and to 
strangers. In summer there is much 
pleasure sailing and rowing on the 
pond, and in past years there have 
been several interesting regattas up- 
on it. 

Forest Hills Cemetery, also in the 



122 



BOSTON ILL USTRA TED. 




ENTRANCE TO FOREST HILLS. 



West Roxbury district was originally established by the city of Roxbury, of which 
the town at the time formed a part. It was subsequently conveyed to the predeces- 
sors of the present ^^ 

proprietors. It is a ^ 

little larger in ter- 
ritory than Mount 
Auburn, but it is 
by no means so 
crowded as the _ 
older cemetery. It 
contains a great 
number of interest- 
ing memorials of 
persons, some of 
them eminent in 
the history of State 
and nation, who 
have gone. The 
burial-lot of the 
Warren family is 
on the summit of 
Moimt Warren. 
The remains of 

General Joseph Warren, who fell at Bunker Hill, have been taken from the Old 
Granary Burying-ground in Boston, and reinterred in this cemetery. Within 
a few years the finest receiving-tomb in any cemetery in the country has been 
built at Forest Hills. The portico is nearly thirty feet square, and is built in the 
Gothic style of architecture in Concord granite. Its appearance is massive, Avithout 
being cumbersome. Within there are two hundred and eighty-six catacombs, each 
for a single coffin, which are closely sealed up after an interment. The entrance 
gateway to Forest Hills Cemetery is a very elegant, costly, and imposing structure 
of Roxbury stone and Caledonia freestone. The inscription upon the face of the 
outer gateway is, — 

"I AM THE P.ESURKECTION AND THE LIFE," 

in golden letters. On the inner face is in similar letters the inscription, — 

** HE THAT KEEPETH THEE WILL NOT SLUMBEK." 

The grounds of the cemetery, like those of Mount Auburn, are exceedingly 
picturesque, the variety of hill and dale, greensward, thickets of trees, pleasant 
sheets of water, and rocky eminences, making the place an exceedingly attractive 
spot to Avander and read the story of lives that are spent. And the hand of art 
has added much to the natural beauty of the place. 

Charlestown is noted for containing Bunker Hill, as interesting a spot as our 
Revolutionary history can boast. And the monument that crowns the hill is so 
conspicuous as hardly to require that attention should be directed to it. The 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



123 



event it celebrates and the consequences of that event, the appearance of this im- 
posing granite shaft, and the magnificent view of the entire surrounding country to 
be obtained from its observatory, are, 
or should be, familiar to every citizen 
of New England ; and no visitor to 
Boston from more distant parts of 
the country is likely to return home 
without ascending the monument as 
a good patriot. The oration deliv- 
ered by Daniel Webster at the dedi- 
cation of the monument on the anni- 
versary of the battle of Bunker Hill, 
the Wth of June, 1843, has been de- 
claimed by every school-boy. That 
anniversary is still, and should long 
remain, a holiday, - a day to be cel- 
ebrated in Charlestown and through- 
out the State and country as long as 
the Kepublic, which owes so much 
to that memorable contest, shall 
stand. 

No visitor to Charlestown should 
leave it until he has visited the Unit- 
ed States Navy Yard, established by 
the government in the year 1800. 
The yard has since been very greatly 
enlarged, and extensive and costly 
buildings have been erected upon it. ^ 
1827, and completed six years later, is a 




LINKER HILL MONUMENT. 



The dry-dock, which was begun in July, 
niac^nificent and most substantial work 

::: : "oi tZl^ IL U^J ...^l. of ou.. Cd na.y ... .„i.t at t^ 

' T Ot hte while the government has been reducing, rather than increasing, 

£ navd fl™; t\vork h'ere has been confined chiefly to repairs npon old vessels, 

and VeX^ey ar. imrivalld. The rictnres,«e ^^^^^X^. 
winding rivers, make, of themselves, an ever- varied picture of .":««">" ° ^ 

Irharadded greatly to the beauties which nature ha. so '""^I'ly *-'"^';'^;. ^^]^ 
most V ry avdlable'site for a fine country --<>-- ^\^'''=" r^r'tittl.iss no 
^Uh colld do to improve ^^onn^r^^-^^^^^^l^^ ZX ^ 

:it--:^::a:?^:o=.^"^r-^^t^ 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



fully built, and well-painted lious 



Nor 




these towns and cities destitute of a 
history, which, did space permit, 
should be told at length. We 
can merely glance at a few of the 
more noticeable objects of interest 
in some of the surrounding places, 
leaving it to each citizen and vis- 
itor to search out the others, with 
the assurance that one can hardly 
go astray in seeking for thera, 
whatever be the direction taken. 

The United States Marine Hos- 
pital at Chelsea, which appears on 
the right in the background of the 
sketch of the Navy Yard, is a 
large and handsome structure 
upon the crest of a high hill, near 
the mouth of the Mystic River. 
p This institution, as well as the 
o Naval Hospital, at the foot of the 
H same hill, was erected and is 
2 maintained by the general gov- 

s ernment for the benefit of invalid 

o 

fc sailors. The situation is salubri- 

c" ous, and the prospect from the 
^ Marine Hospital, overlooking as 
> it does the harbor and two or 
2 three cities, is very fine. 
g Passing now into Cambridge, 
^ we must first notice it as the site 
of the most famous, as well as 
most ancient, university in the 
country. It was -)ut six years 
after the settlement of Boston 
that the General Court appro- 
priated four hundred pounds for 
the establishment of a school 
or college at Newtown, as Cam- 
bridge was then called. As this 
sum was equal to a whole year's 
tax of the entire colony, we may 
infer in what estimation the ear- 
liest colonists held a liberal edu- 
cation. Two years after, the 
institution received the lilieral be- 
quest of eight hundred pounds from 



BOSTOX ILLUSTRATED. 



125 



the estate of the Kev. John Hcarvard, an English clergyman, who died at Charles- 
town in 1638. The General Court, in consequence of this bequest, named the 
college after its generous benefactor, and changed the name of the town Avhere 
it was located to Cambridge, Mr. Harvard having been educated at Cambridge in 




GORE HALL, HARVARD COLLEGE. 

old England. The college was thus placed on a firm foundation, and by good 
management and the prevalence of liberal ideas, under the fostering care of the 
Colony and the State, and the almost lavish generosity of alumni and other friends, 
it has assumed and steadily maintained the leading x)osition among the colleges of 
the country, its only rival being Yale. The college long ago became a university. 
Schools of law, medicine, dentistry, theology, science, mining, and agriculture, have 
been established in connection with it, each endowed with its own funds, and each 
independent of all the others, except that all are under one general management. 
The college yard contains a little more than twenty-two acres, and nearly the whole 
available space is already occupied by the numerous buildings required by an institu- 
tion of such magnitude. Several of these buildings deserve separate mention, but we 
have space for but a brief allusion to them. One of the most famous was built with 
the proceeds of a lottery, in the days when that form of gambling was held to be 
consistent with good morals. Some of the more recently erected dormitories are fine 
specimens of architecture and admirably suited to the use for which they were de- 
signed. Among these are Thayer Hall, an imposing structure containing sixty- 
eight suites of rooms, built in 1870, at a cost of $115,000 ; Grays Hall, a 
long five-story brick building, erected in 1863, and containing fifty-two suites ; 
and Matthews Hall, an ornate Gothic edifice, which was built in 1872, at a 
cost of $120,000. An important change has been made within the past few 
years in the government of the University ; the overseers, constituting the second 



126 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 




BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



127 



and more numerous branch of the university legislature, were originally the Governor 
and Deputy-Governor, with all the magistrates, and the ministers of the six adjoin- 
ing towns. After numerous changes, which were, however, only changes in the 
manner of selecting the clergymen who should constitute this board, the power of 
choosing the overseers was, in 1851, vested in the Legislature. All this system has 
since been abolished. The graduates of the college have been granted the privilege 
of choosing the entire board ; and every member of it, as now constituted, has been 
elected by this constituency. The advantages of thus making those who are most 
interested in the good management of the college partially responsible for its govern- 
ment were at once apparent, and other colleges have not been slow in practising 
upon so satisfactory an experiment. Another change, which has been gradually 
going on for some years, gives students a much wider range of studies than formerly. 
The number of elective studies has very greatly increased, and one is not now, 
as formerly, compelled to pursue a fixed and unalterable course, but may choose 
the branches he will pursue in accordance with his tastes and his intended business 




MEMORIAL HALL. 



in life. There are nearly 1,400 students, in all branches of the University, and about 
125 professors and teachers of various grades. Without speaking of the various 
society libraries, the University has eight minor libraries connected with various 
departments, and containing over 60,000 volumes ; while the College Library has 
more than 170,000 volumes. The latter is in Gore Hall, a Gothic building of Quincy 
granite, erected in 1841, and reinforced in 1877 by a very large fire-proof extension of 



127 a BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

t 

gi-anite and iron. There are but two libraries in America larger than this one, those 
of the city of Boston and of Congress ; and its privileges are generously extended to 
men of letters outside of the University jurisdiction. 

The Memorial Hall is the most imposing building connected with the University, 
and was erected by the alumni to commemorate the sons of Harvard who died in the 
civil war. It was built between 1870 and 1877, at a cost of $500,000, and is of 
brick and sandstone, 310 feet long and 115 feet wide. The central division is the 
Memorial Transept, 115 feet long and 58 feet high to the handsome wooden vault- 
ing, and having high black-walnut screens around the walls, in which are set 
twenty-eight marble tablets bearing the names of the fallen patriots, and the places 
and tiines of their deaths. Over this transept the great tower rises to the height of 
200 feet, and forms a conspicuous landmark. The great hall opens from the tran- 
sept, and is 164 feet long, 60 feet wide, and 80 feet high to its splendid timber roof, 
with galleries at either end, and at the west end an immense stained-glass window, 
bearing the arms of the Kepublic, the State, and the University. The high wain- 
scoting around the hall is adorned with scores of portraits and busts of ancient and 
modern worthies of New England and of Harvard, rare productions from the pencils 
of Copley, Stuart, Trumbull, Hunt, Harding, Powers, Story, Crawford, Greenough, 
and other eminent artists (descriptive catalogues at the east end). The hall is now 
used as the refectory of the students, about 600 of whom get their meals here. 
The Sanders Theatre is entered from the other side of the transept, and is a beautiful 
semicircular hall with graded seats, accommodating 1,500 persons. 

On Cambridge Common, near the College, is a stately monument fifty-six feet high, 
and crowned b}^ a statue of a soldier, erected in memory of 938 men of Cambridge 
who perished in the civil war. About the base thereof are four ancient cannon, 
which were used in the Revolutionary War. A little farther on, beyond the Wash- 
ington Elm, is the large and beautiful stone structure of the Shepard Memorial 
Church, the home of the First (Congregational) Church in Cambridge. The society 
dates from 1636, and the church was built in 1872. 

The Protestant Episcopal Theological School is near the University, but not of it, 
and consists of a noble group of stone buildings, including Lawrence Hall, the dormi- 
tory ; Eeed Hall, a cloistered Gothic building containing the library and lecture- 
rooms ; and the exquisite architectural gem of St. John's Memorial Chapel. This 
school was founded in 1867, on an endowment from Mr. B. T. Reed of Boston, 
and has five professors and eighteen students. It is on Brattle Street, near Mr. 
Longfellow's house, and opposite the stately old Vassal House, which was erected 
about the year 1700, and was afterwards abandoned by the Royalist family of 
Vassall. 

The Riverside Press is three-fourths of a mile south of Harvard College, and is 
reached from Boston by the Brighton or River Street horse-cars, from Bowdoin 
Square. It was established here in 1851 by H. 0. Houghton & Co., in an aban- 
doned city building ; and the establishment, as now conducted by the same firm, 
covers nearly four acres, between Blackstone Street and the Charles River, the 
main edifice being a handsome brick building, four stories high, with a front of 
one hundred feet and a depth of one hundred and sixty feet. In the rear are the 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED, 



121 h 



*il...^- 




THE RIVERSIDE PRESS, CAMBRIDGE. 



fire-proof warehouses for paper and stereotype plates, the stereotype-foundry, and 
a stone pier along the river-front. The appointments of the Press are very complete 

in all departments, and in- 
clude fonts in the classic and 
the modern European lan- 
guages, a bindery which is 
famous for the variety of its 
products, and a large litho- 
graphic department. Between 
three and four hundred persons 
are employed here, having their 
own library, savings depart- 
ment, and fire-company. The 
lithographic work is under the 
charge of Armstrong & Co., and is celebrated for the excellence of its productions. 
Tlie large portraits recently published in connection with the Atlantic Monthly were 
drawn and printed in this establishment, which also makes colored lithographs of 
various kinds, and maps. The head-quarters of the firm, as a publishing house, 
are at the Cathedral Building, 220 Devonshire Street, Boston (see page 82 a). 

Cambridge is noted not only for being the seat of the first college in Amer- 
ica, but for having been the first place in the country where a printing-press was 
setup. In 1639 
a press was 
brought over 
from England, 
and put in op- 
eration in the 
house of the 
President, wlio 
had the sole 
charge of it 
for many yeais 
The first thing 
printed vipon it 
was the Free- 
man's Oath, fol- 
lowed by an 
Almanack foi 
New England, 
and the Psalms 
"newly turned 

into meter." A fragment of the last-named work is preserved in the college library, 
and copies of it may still be seen in some antiquarian libraries. Cambridge has at 
the present day some of the largest and most completely furnished printing-offices in 
America, conspicuous among which are the Riverside Press and the University 




THE UNIVERSITY PRESS, CAMBRIDGE. 



128 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



Press, whose offices are perhaps the most celebrated in the country for the quality 
and accuracy of their work. Many of the hundreds of thousands of books published 
annually in Boston, and not a few of those issued by publishers in New York, includ- 
ing illustrated books requiring the finest workmanship and the greatest care, are 
printed and bound at these establishments. 

Not very far from the college grounds stands one of the few famous trees of the 
country, — the Washington Elm, — the oniv survivor of the ancient forest that origi- 
nally covered all this 
part of Cambridge. 
It was under this 
tree that General 
Washington took 
command of the Con- 
tinental army on the 
morning of the 3d of 
July, 1775. A neat 
It nee surrounds this 
giant of the ancient 
ioiest, and an in- 
sciiption commemo- 
lates the important 
t \ ent which was the 
most interesting in 
its centuries of ex- 
istence. 

At a short dis- 
tance from this fa- 
mous elm, on the 
10 id to Watertown, 
n( xr Brattle Street, 
stands the house 
used by the pa- 
triot general 
as his head- 
quarters. It 
was previously 
the residence 
of ColonelJohn 
Vassal, a royal- 
ist or Tory, but 
was used by 
General Wash- 
ington on its 
abandonment 
by the owner ; 
and here con- 
tinued to br 




RHSIDUNCE Of H 



ONGFKLLO\y> 



BOISTON ILLUSTRATED. 



129 



^he head -quarters of the American anny, for the greater part of the time, until the 
evacuation of Boston by the British in the spring of 1776. The house stands in a 
large and beautiful lot of ground, a little distance from the street, in the midst of 
tall trees and shrubbery, and though in a style of architecture different from that now 
generally employed, it is still an elegant residence in. external appearance, while the 
rich and costly finish jk 

of the interior has been p "' '^ * 

preserved by its sue- ,^ "''"•.•i^ 

cessive owners. The - -^ 

present possessor and 
occupant of this noble 
estate is the poet, 
Henry Wadsworth 
Longfellow, and sure- 
ly there is more than 
poetic fitness in such 
an occupation of a 
house around which 
cling so many histori- 
cal associations. 

Mount Auburn Cem- 
etery is situated partly 
in Cambridge and 
partly in Watertown. 
The land was origi- 
nally purchased and improved by the Massachusetts Horticultural Society for an 
experimental gar- 
den. It subsequently ^ - ^^^ 
passed into the hands 
of the trustees of 
Mount Auburn Cem- 
etery, and was con- 
secrated in the year 
1831. It is now one 
of the most extensive 
cities of the dead 
used by the people of 
Boston, being in ex- 
tent about one hun- 
dred and twenty-five 
acres. The surface is 
remarkably diversi- 
fied, giving unusual 
opportunities to the -^^ 

landscape - gardener — ^-^ ^^- =^ ^ ^ - ^^ 

to improve the nat- eHAPEL, mount auburn. 




ENTRANCE TO MOUNT AUBURN. 




130 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



ural beauty of the scenery. There are several sheets of water, and high hills and 
deep vales in abundance. Trees in great variety have been transplanted into this 
enclosure, adding greatly to its beauty. Upon the summit of the highest hill, 
Mount Auburn proper, a stone tower has been erected, from which a very fii»G view 



^^j-A" 




HARVAKD CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, BROOK LINE. 



of all the surrounding country can be olitained. Many elegant and costly mon- 
uments adorn the grounds in every part. Some of these have been erected and the 
expense defrayed by public subscription, but many more by the surviving friends of 
the thousands who here sleep the last sleep. The granite entrance-gate was designed 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 131 

from an Egyptian model, and was erected at a cost of about ten thousand dollars. 
The very beautiful chapel was built in 1848, at an expense of twenty-five thousand 
dollars. It is used for funeral services at the cemetery. There are around the walls, 
within, several excellent statues and memorials, one of which, a statue of James 
Otis, by Crawford, is particularly to be admired. 

Brookline is one of the most beautiful of the suburban towns surrounding Boston, 
and furnishes a large proportion of the delightful drives in which the city residents 
indulge. It also possesses one of the finest specimens of church architecture m 
Massachusetts, if not in the country. The Harvard Church, of which we give a 
representation, is a beautiful edifice both without and within, the interior being very 
highly ornamented, but in a tasteful manner, and furnished with a magnificent organ 
behind the chancel, which adds much to the artistic eff'ect with its decorated pipes, 
which are all exposed to view. This church is somewhat peculiar in being neither a 
" free " church, in the ordinary sense, nor one supported by taxes. A combination 
of both systems is in operation, and works well. The Rev. Eeuen Thomas, formerly 
of London, has lately become the pastor of this church. 

It is by no means to be understood that in our glance at the suburbs we have 
exhausted the subject. There are a great many other points that should be visited. 
The magnificent beach in Revere is of itself a sight well worth the time spent in 
driving thither. A short visit should be made to Lynn, the head-quarters ot the 
shoe manufacture, and another to the extensive factories of Lowell and Lawrence. 
In the church at Quincy are the tombs of the two President Adams. Newton, Bel- 
mont, and Arlington are most beautiful towns, and in all the environs are charming 
drives through the pleasantest of districts. At Watertown is the great United 
States Arsenal ; the battle-grounds of Concord and Lexington are withm easy reach 
by railroad ; and, in fact, no route can be taken out of the city that does not lead 
to some point where the stranger will find much that is both pleasing and inter- 
esting. 




132 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



VIII. A GEOUP OF SUBUEBAN EIDES. 

HERE are several horse-car routes leading through scenes of rich suburban 
beauty, and much patronized by the citizens after the labors of the day 
are over. One of the favorite lines is that leading to Grove Hall and 
— Dorchester, a distance of about iive miles, requiring an hour for the out- 
ward trip, which costs only a live- cent ticket. The cars leave the Tremont House 
and pass down Tremont Street, along the Common, and out to Dover Street, in front 
of Odd Fellows' Hall, where they diverge sharply to the eastward, and run down 
to Washington Street. They follow that street to the south, passing the Cathedral, 
the St. James and Commonwealth Hotels, and the old cemetery in which Eliot is 
buried, and soon afterwards begin to ascend the long slopes of Boston Highlands, 
on Warren Street, through a wide district of pleasant suburban homes. The country 
grows more open, and the estates are larger and more park-like, the farther the car 
goes, and after passing the handsome grounds of Grove Hall, the route lies over high 
ground with the hill-country of Milton often in sight. The terminus of the line is 
near Dr. Means's church, and by walking a little way beyond, to Welles Avenue, 
and ascending thereon to Ocean Street, a fine view of the harbor and sea, the 
southern suburbs and the Blue Hills, may be gained. 

Another pleasant ride is that to Milton Lower Mills, a distance of about six miles 
(twelve tickets for a dollar). The cars on this route leave the Old South Church 
every hour, and run through Milk, Hawley, Summer, and Federal Streets to South 
Boston, where they enter upon the long Dorchester Avenue, and traverse a region 
occupied by workers in iron and wood, — the Norway Iron Works, and other large 
manufacturing establishments. Leaving this crowded selvage of South Boston, the 
more open streets of Washington Village are followed, with frequent views over the 
South Bay on the right, and Boston Harbor on the left. The villas of Savin Hill 
soon appear on the left, and the line closely approaches an arm of Dorchester Bay. 
Beyond the station, at Field's Corner, the country becomes more open, and several 
handsome estates are passed. The track is so far to the side of the avenue that the 
trees hang over it, and there is a strip of grass between it and the roadway. At 
Ashmont the avenue crosses a bridge over the Shawinut Branch of the Old Colony 
Railroad. A mile farther, and the car enters the pretty village of Milton Lower 
Mills, passing two or three of its churches, and stopping on the brow of the hill, 
over tlie Neponset River. At the loot of the street is the large and handsome 
factory in which Baker's chocolate is made. But the crowning beauty of this ex- 
cursion is found by crossing the Neponset River (which is here the boundary of 
Boston), and ascending the Quincy road for about half a mile, whence one can get 
a magnificent view of Boston Harbor and its many islands, the open sea, the blue 
Neponset winding through broad meadows, and the villages which stud the territo- 
ries of Quin(;y and tlie Dorchester District. It is not far fi'om three miles by this 
road over ^lilton Hill to Quincy, and a continuous line of stately old mansions and 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 133 

parks is passed, with immense velvety lawns, clumps of ancient trees, and abounding 
evidences of the most skilful landscape gardening. 

A very much shorter ride in this same direction, but one affording considerable 
gratification, is that to Meeting-House Hill, by the horse-cars which leave the Tre- 
mont House and reach the suburbs over Tremont, Dover, and Washington Streets. 
Meeting-House Hill is an interesting locality, with its venerable church, the Dor- 
chester soldiers' monument, and a group of handsome public buildings. A fine 
view of the harbor is enjoyed from this point ; and it is not much more than half a 
mile to Savin Hill, a picturesque eminence surrounded on three sides by the water, 
and covered with villas. 

The route to Forest Hills is about, five miles long, and begins at the Tremont 
House, passing by Tremont and Dover Streets to Washington Street, which it fol- 
lows for four miles, to the end of the route, passing the great Notre-Dame Academy, 
the New-England Hospital for Women and Children, and other handsome suburban 
institutions ; traversing the edge of the village of Jamaica Plain ; and terminating 
not far from the entrance to Forest-Hills Cemetery (see page 121). Conveyances 
also run from the terminal station to the Mount-Hope Cemetery, nearly a mile 
beyond, but somewhat iiTegularly. 

The Jamaica-Plain route is about five miles long, and runs from the Tremont 
House for over two miles and a half along Tremont Street. At Tremont Station it 
diverges to the left on to Pynchon Street, where a half-mile of breweries and German 
houses is passed. At the junction of Centre Street the great City Stables are seen 
on the left, and the remnant of the once famous Highland chimney. The track 
here turns on to Centre Street, and soon crosses the sunken line of the Providence 
Railroad, near a house which dates from about 1720. The cars thereupon enter a 
delightful region of villas and open fields, passing the stately building of the Russell 
School, and approaching the village of Jamaica Plain. Several handsome churches 
are seen, on either side of the street, and the mansion once made famous as the 
home of S. G. Goodrich (Peter Parley). The beautiful Jamaica Pond (see page 121) 
is a short walk to the right, down Pond Street. A little farther on is the large and 
imposing building formerly used as the town hall ; and near it is the West Roxbury 
soldiers' monument, opposite the dignified old Unitarian Church. Stages connect 
with the cars at this point, and run out through a mile or more of picturesque 
wooded country, to the celebrated Allandale Mineral Spring. 

The Brookline horse-car route is nearly four miles long, starting from the Tremont 
House, and following Tremont Street nearly all the way. There are a few fine old 
places on that part of the line which crosses the north slopes of Parker Hill, and 
there also is the lofty new Church of our Lady of Perpetual Help, which is so con- 
spicuous in views of this region of the environs. The interior of this church, 
though as yet bare and unadorned, is worth visiting, in order to see the massive 
pillars of polished granite which separate the nave from the aisles. By following 
the main street from the terminal station, one soon comes in sight of the Brookline 
Town Hall, a beautiful and attractive stone building of modern erection. 

It is about a mile from the end of the horse-car line to Beacon Street, by Avay of 
Harvard Street, and this route leads past numerous delightful estates and pretty 
suburban houses. The handsome Episcopal Church of St. Paul is seen a little way 



134 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

to the right ; and Harvavd Street leads directly past the Harvard Church (see page 
130), which, taking it for all in all, may safely be called the most beautiful church 
in New England. On reaching Beacon Street, one may walk out to the left to the 
Chestnut-Hill Reservoir (page 119), less than two miles ; or return to the city by 
way of the Mill Dam, about three miles, by going along Beacon Street to the right ; 
or, better still, if the day is clear, turn to the left on Beacon Street, and follow it a 
short distance to the divergence of Summit Hill Avenue on the right, and ascend 
thereon to the crest of Corey's Hill, whence is obtained one of the grandest views in 
Eastern Massachusetts, including not only Boston and her suburbs, and the sea, but 
also the rural towns to the west for many leagues, even to the blue peak of far-away 
Wachusett. 

The Highland line, with its handsome plaided cars, traverses Columbus Avenue 
(cars with silvered platform-backs), and gives a comprehensive view of that part of 
the city, with its handsome residence-blocks and modem churches. This line also 
controls the rails along Shawmut Avenue, and runs its cars out to Grove Hall. 

The South-Boston line to City Point gives a view of the peninsular wards, and a 
pleasant prospect over the harbor. The cars run from Scollay Square through Corn- 
hill, Washington, Summer, and other busy streets, to the bridge over Fort Point 
Channel, whence they soon reach Broadway, the main street of South Boston. 
Passing the Catholic Church of Sts. Peter and Paul, and traversing a long district 
of retail shops, the line soon begins the ascent of Mount Washington, the ancient 
Dorchester Heights, near whose top is a group of churches, St. Matthews' Episcopal, 
the Methodist Centenary, the Fourth Baptist, the Phillips Congregational, the 
Hawes Congregational, and the Church of Our Father (Unitarian). Where the 
track bends to the left, the visitor may get off and ascend, by the Carney Hospital 
(Catholic), to the park on the crest of the heights, where the site of Washington's 
batteries is marked by a granite tablet. The view from this point is very beautiful, 
and includes the harbor, with its islands and forts, the open sea, Dorchester Bay 
and the Blue Hills, and the metropolis of New England, with all its broad and 
populous suburbs. The Perkins Institution for the Blind is not far from this park, 
and fronts on Broadway (see page 111). A little way farther out on Broadway is 
Independence Square, a handsome park covering a quarter of a million feet, nearly 
surrounded by neat residences, and on the lower side approached by the grounds of 
the Boston Lunatic Asylum and other public buildings. Three squares beyond this 
point is the end of the peninsula, with seaward-facing beaches and public grounds, 
and a great number of places where boats and skippers may be hired. Fort Inde- 
pendence is quite near this shore, and the other harbor islands are seen beyond, on 
either side, with the wide expanse of Dorchester Bay on the south, overlooked by 
the Blue Hills of Milton. Off City Point are the mooring-grounds of most of the 
yachts belonging to the Boston, Dorchester, and South-Boston Yacht Clubs. 

Revere Beach is the nearest to Boston of all the sea-beaches, and may be reached 
by the narrow-guage railroad from Atlantic Avenue, through East Boston, or by the 
horse-cars from Scollay Square (fare, fifteen cents). The latter route leads through 
Charlestown, giving views of the Soldiers' Monument and Bunker-Hill Monument, 
and then crosses the Mystic River on a long bridge, and traverses the city of Chelsea, 
passing the grounds of the Marine Hospital and crossing the public square near the 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 1^^ 

business-centre. Soon the Chelsea Highlands (the ancient Powder-Horn Hill) are 
seen rising on the left, crowned by a large summer hotel which commands an exten- 
sive view over Boston and the harbor, with the northern environs. Crossing Mill 
River, the line enters the town of Revere, and after a short run through an open 
country and the hamlet of Revere, turns to the eastward, and soon reaches the 
beach, near several of the hotels. Beyond the point where the horse-cars diverge 
from Broadway the Lynn and Boston horse-cars continue along the old Salem 
Turnpike to the city of Lynn, and out as far as Swampscott, the Long Branch of 
Boston. 

Somerville is traversed by three steam railroads, and also by a horse-car line which 
departs from Scollay Square and crosses Charlestown, having branches also to 
Maiden, Everett, and Union Square. The Winter-Hill line runs through a pleasant 
district, after leaving Charlestown, passing the site of the Ursuline Convent on 
Mount Benedict, the prettily planned Sefton Park, and a great number of neat 
wooden residences. Away to the left the Somerville City Hall, High School, and 
Unitarian Church are seen ; and on the right is the populous Mystic valley. After 
a long and slow ascent the car reaches the top of Winter Hill, the site of one of the 
American batteries during the siege of Boston, and commanding a fine view over the 
northern suburbs. A walk of two and a half miles straight out on Broadway leads 
to the village of Arlington (see below), whence horse-cars may be taken over another 
route to Boston. This walk leads along the old stage-road to Keene, New Hamp- 
shire, and passes within two miles of Medford, which is long seen on the right, and 
much nearer to and in plain sight of the high-placed buildings of Tufts College. It 
also passes close to the Old Wayside Mill, the most picturesque bit of antiquity in 
all the Boston environs. This venerable tower was built about one hundred and 
seventv years ago, as a windmill for grinding corn, and in 1747 became a provincial 
powder-house, from which, in 1774, Gage's British troops removed 250 half-barrels 
of powder There are several interesting traditions connected with this antique 
stone structure, one of which is recorded in Drake's " Historic Fields and Mansions 
of Middlesex." . 

The large and handsome village of Arlington, with its prettily grouped spires, its 
blue lakelet, and its memorial tablets recording the scenes in the Concord-Lexington 
march which occurred within her borders, is reached by hourly horse-cars from 
Bowdoin Square, Boston (fare, 18 cents ; 8 tickets for $1). The line crosses the 
West-Boston Bridge, and passes through Cambridgeport and over Dana Hill to 
Harvard Square, where it goes around two sides of the College-grounds, and gives a 
fine view of many of the most important buildings. Then the Common is skirted, 
and the Soldiers' Monument, Washington Elm, and Shepard Church are seen on the 
left. Beyond Harvard Square the route is over North Avenue, a long and wide 
boulevard, lined with trees and handsome villas, and affording a succession of pleas- 
ant prospects. Upon reaching Arlington (anciently called Menotomy), an hour can 
be passed away very satisfactorily in rambling about the clean, quiet, and umbra- 
geous streets of that ancient village. About a mile and a half beyond is the crest 
of Arlington Heights, reached by good roads and crowned by villas ; and therefrom 
is obtained one of the grandest views imaginable, including all Boston and her 
suburbs and the attendant sea, on the east, and on the west, a vast expanse of green 



136 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 

aud rolling farm and forest country, studded with white villages and blue ponds, 
and bounded by the distant but clearly discernible peaks of Watatic, Wachusett, and 
Monadnock. 

But space fails to tell more, although the half remains untold. The routes to 
Brighton and Watertown are among the most interesting out of Boston ; and the 
latter part of the Mount Auburn route, from Harvard Square to the Cemetery, is 
not surpassed in artificial beauty and historic charm. Let us briefly conclude in the 
words of Sir Charles Dilke : " It is not only in the Harvard precincts that the 
oldness of New England is to be remarked. Although her people are everywhere in 
the vanguard of all progress, their country has a look of gable-ends and steeple-hats, 
while their laws seem fresh from the hands of Alfred. In all England there is no 
city which has suburbs so gray and venerable as the elm-shaded towns around Boston, 
Dorchester, Chelsea, Nahant, aud Salem." 



BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 137 



IX. PKACTICAL NOTES. 

HOTELS. 

The Brunswick, corner of Clarendon and Boylston Streets (see page 42 e), charc^es 
$ 4 a day. 

The Tremont House, corner of Tremont and Beacon Streets, and the Revere 
House, on Bowdoin Square (see pages 18 and 52), each charge from $3.50 a day 
upwards. 

The American House, on Hanover Street (page 17), has 400 rooms, and its rates 
are from .| 3 to $ 3.50 a day. 

The Evans House is at 175 Tremont Street, fronting the Common. 
The Clarendon Hotel, at 521 Tremont Street, is pleasantly situated in a quiet part 
of the city, and charges from 1 2.50 a day upwards. 

The Commonwealth Hotel (page 94) is at the corner of Washington and Worces- 
ter Streets, and its rates are $ 3-$ 4 a day. 

The United States Hotel, conveniently situated opposite the Albany Station, has 
from $ 2.50 a day upwards. 

The St. James Hotel (page 94) is on Franklin Square, at the South End, and has 
$3-4 a day. 

The Parker House (page 85), on School Street, and Young's Hotel, on Court 
Avenue, are first-class houses on the European plan, centrally situated, and much 
patronized. The Crawford House, at the corner of Court and Brattle Streets, and 
the International Hotel, nearly opposite the Globe Theatre, are also kept on the 
European plan. 

Three less expensive hotels, which have a great patronage, are the Adams House, 
on Washington Street, between West and Boylston ; the Quincy House, on Brattle 
Square ; and the Creighton House, on Tremont Street, near Eliot. Their rates are 
from $ 2.50 a day upwards. 

Of course, an abatement in these rates is made when guests remain for a long 
period, and the varying cost of larger or smaller rooms, on lower or upper floors, are 
also matters which materially affect the tariff of prices. There are several minor 
hotels in the city, some of them cleanly and well situated, where the prices are 
lower. The private boarding-houses are for the most part on and near Beacon Hill, 
and at the South End ; and several of those on the hill take boarders for terms of a 
few weeks. 

Among the most notable restaurants are Parker's, on School Street, with a 
spacious dining-room for ladies ; Young's, on Court Avenue, near the Old State 
House ; Whitney's, on the far-viewing upper floors of the Equitable Building, on 
Milk Street; Ober's, on Winter Place (off Winter Street), where the Parisian 
misine is used. Confectionery and ices (besides more substantial food) may be 
obtained at Weber's, on Temple Place ; Fera's, 162 Tremont Street ; and the Cope- 
land restaurants, at 4 Tremont Row, 128 Tremont Street, and 467 Washington Street. 
These places are much visited by ladies. There are also scores of restaurants in the 
business quarter, many of which are first class in every respect. 



138 BOSTON ILLUSTRATED. 



THEATRES, HORSE-CARS, AND HARBOR STEAMERS. 

The Theatres. The Boston Theatre is on Washington Street, between West and 
Boylston Streets ; the Globe is on the same square, on the other side of the street ; 
and the Museum is on Tremont Street, between School and Court Streets (see also 
pages 68 - 70). The Howard Athenaeum is on Howard Street, near Scollay Square. 
For Music Hall and the Tremont Temple see pages Q&, 67 ; Horticultural Hall, page 
75 ; Beethoven Hall, page 70. 

Horse-cars leave the Tremont House or Temple Place every few minutes for the 
northern depots, Chelsea Ferry, East Boston, Beacon Street, Lenox Street, Jamaica 
Plain, Brookline, Forest Hills, Grove Hall, Mount Pleasant, Dorchester, Egleston 
Square, and other points in the Roxbury and Dorchester suburbs. The Milton 
Lower Mills and South-Boston cars depart from the Old South Church. The 
Winter-Hill, Maiden, Everett, Revere-Beach, City-Point, Charlestown, Lynn and 
Swampscott, and other lines to the northern suburbs leave Scollay Square and the 
station in Cornhill. The Cambridge, Brighton, Harvard-Square, Arlington, Water- 
town, and Mount-Auburn lines, with others to the western suburbs, run from 
Bowdoin Square, There are also cross-town lines connecting and including these 
termini. 

The Harbor Steamboats leave their wharves on Atlantic Avenue for their various 
destinations. The lines to Hull, Hingham, Downer Landing, and Nantasket Beach 
run from Rowe's Wharf, which is reached by horse-cars marked "Atlantic Avenue." 
The steamer to Long Island and Lovell's Grove is at the next wharf ; and a little 
farther south are the steamers for Strawberry Hill, Nantasket (at Litchfield's wharf.) 



INDEX TO ILLUSTEATIOXS. 



and Institute 



Advertiser Building, 21. 
Albany Railroad Station, 100. 
American House, 17. 
Andrew, Statue of Gov., 25. 
Arlington-Street Church, 39. 
Army and Navy Monument, 28 a. 
Athenaeum, Boston, 45. 

Beacon-Street Mall, 29. 
Beebe-Weld Building, 82 b. 
Blackstone's House, 1. 
Boston, from the Harbor, 10. 
Boston, from the South Knd, 90. 
Boston Light, 106. 
Boston Museum, 68. 
Boston Society of Natural History 

of Technoloiry, 46. 
Boston Stone, 22. 
Boston Theatre, 69. 
Brattle Square Church, Old, 19. 
Bi-ewer Building, 83. 
Brewer Fountain, 28. 
Bug Light, 106. 
Bunker Hill Monument, 123. 



Cathedral Building, 82 a. 
Cathedral of the Holy Cross, 94 b. 
Central Church, 41. 
Central Club, 99. 
Chauncy-Hall School, 48. 
Chester Square, View in, 89. 
Chestnut Hill, Entrance, 117. 
Chestnut Hill, Gate House, 119. 
Chestnut Hill, Large Reservoir, 118. 
Chestnut Hill, Small Reservoir, 119. 
Christ Church, 20. 
City Hall, 57. 
City Hospital, 97. 
Commonwealth Avenue, 37. 
Consumptives' Home, Grove Hall, 117. 
Continental Hotel, 92. 
Copp's Hill Burying-Ground, 16. 
Custom House, 59. 

Dorchester Heights, 7. 

Eastern and Fitchburg Railroad Stations, 14. 
Elm, The Old, 27. 
Equitable Building, 82 c. 
Everett, Statue of Edward, 32. 

Fairbanks, Brown & Co.'s Building, 82 d. 

Faneuil Hall, 12. 

First Church in Boston, 4. 

First Church, Berkeley Street, 38. 

First Church in Roxbury, 113. 

Forest Hills, Entrance to, 122. 

Fort Independence, 104. 

Fort Warren, 105. 

Fort Winthrop, 104. 

Fra-nklin Building, 85. 

Franklin and Washington Streets, Corner of, 84. 

Franklin Street, before the Fire, 53. 

Franklin's Birthplace, 4. 

Frog Pond, 26. 



Girls' High and Normal School, 91. 
Globe, Building of the Boston, 72. 
Globe Theatre, 70. 
Granary Burying-Ground, 34. 
Grand Junction Wharves, 112. 
Great Fire, Scene after, 56. 

Hancock House, The Old, 35. 

Harvard Congregational Church, Brookline, 130 

Harvard University, Gore Hall, 125. 

Harvard, The Memorial Hall, 127. 

Harvard, The Quadrangle, 126. 

Haymarket Square, 16. 

Horticultural Hall, 76. 

Hotel Boylston, 93. 

Hull, 103. 

Immaculate Conception, Church of the, 95. 

Jamaica Pond, North View, 120. 
Jamaica Pond, South View, 121. 
•Jordan, Marsh & Co.'s Building, 78. 
Journal Building, 74. 

Longfellow, Home of, 128. 
Long-Island Light, 107. 
Lowell Railroad Station, 15. 

Macullar, Williams & Parker's Building, 79. 

Map of Boston and Suburbs, 9. 

Map of Boston in 1722, 2. 

Mason & Hamlin Building, 77. 

Masonic Temple, 71. 

Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association 

Building, 76. 
Massachusetts General Hospital, 13. 
Meeting-House Hill, 115. 
Mercantile Savings Institution, 80. 
Mount Auburn Chapel, 129. 
Mount Auburn, Entrance to, 129, 
Museum of Fine Arts, 42 d. 
Mutual Life Insurance Building, 81. 

Navy Yard, 124. 

New-England Mutual Life Insurance Co.'s 

Building, 82. 
New Old South Church, 42 b. 
Nix's Mate, 107. 

Odd Fellows' Hall, 98 
Old-Colony Station, 101. 
Old Corner Bookstore, 79. 
Old House in Dock Square, 6. 
Old South Church, 63. 
Old State House, 5. 
Organ in Music Hall, 67. 

Parker House, 86. 

Park Street, 47. 

Park-Street Church, 41. 

Perkins Institution for the Blind, 111. 

Point Shirley, 108. 

Post, Building of the Boston, 71 d. 

Post-Office, 60. 

Prang & Co.'s Art-Publishing House, 115. 



140 



INDEX TO TEXT. 



Prescott's Residence, 36. 
Providence Railroad Station, 51. 
Public Garden from Arlington St. , 30. 
Public Garden ; the Bridge, 31. 
Public Garden ; the Pond, 31. 
Public Library, 44. 

Revere House, 18. 
Riverside Press, 121 b. 

St. James Hotel, 94. 

St. Paul's Church and U. S. Court House, 62. 

Savin Hill, 116. 

Somerset-Club House, 49. 

Somerset Street, 40. 

Stand-Pipe, Cochituate Water-Works, 114. 

State House, 28 6. 

State Street Block, 87. 

State Street, Head of, 54. 



Transcript Building, before the Fire, 
Tremont House, 52. 
Tremont-Street Methodist Church, 9 
Tremont Temple, 66. 
Trimountaine, 1. 
Trinity Church, 42a. 

Union Boat-Club, 50. 
University Press, 127 fe. 



Warren Mansion, 114. 
Washington Elm, 128. 
Washington Market, 98. 
Washington Statue, 33. 
White & Co., Store of R. H., 71 c 

Young Men's Christian Association Building, 71 c. 
Young Men's Christian Union Building, 71 b. 



INDEX TO TEXT. 



Advent, Church of the, 42 b. 
Advertiser, Boston Daily, 20. 
Albany Railroad Station, 100. 
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, 45. 
American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Mis- 
sions, 42/. 
American House, 17. ^ 

American Siege of Boston, 6. 
Ancient Chroniclers, 3, 26. 
Andrew, Statue of Gov.. 24. 
Archbishop's Mansion, 94 b. 
Area of Boston, 10. 
Arlington, 135. 
Arlington Heights, 135. 
Arlington-Street Church, 38. 
Art Museum, 42 c. 
Art Square, 42 e. 
Athenteum, Boston, 45. 
Athenian Club, 77. 
Atlantic Avenue, 87. 

Back Bay, 36. 

Baptists, 39. 

Barricade, 59. 

Battle-Flaofs, 24. 

Beacon Hill, 1, 23. 

Beacon Street, 35. 

Beebe-Weld Building, 82 c. 

Beethoven Hall, 70. 

Blackstone, William, 1, 25. 

Boston and Maine R. R., 15. 

Boston Art Club, 77. 

Boston Athenaeum, 45. 

Boston College, 95. 

Boston Harbor, 102, 138. 

Boston Herald, 75. 

Boston, History in Early Times, 1. 

Boston Light, 105. 

Boston made a City, 8. 

Boston Massacre, 5. 

Boston Museum, 68. 

Boston News-Letter, 4. 

Boston Pier, 59. 

Boston Society of Natural History, 46. 

Boston Theatre, 68. 



Boston University, 42/, 82 a. 

Boylston Market, 70. 

Brattle-Square Church, 19, 42 e. 

Brewer Building, 83. 

Brewer Fountain, 28. 

British Occupation, 6, 17, 19, 63. 

Brook line, 110, 131,133. 

Bug Light, 106. 

Bunker Hill, 122. 

Cambridge, 124, 135. 

Cambridge Soldiers' Monument, 127 a. 

Castle Island, 102, 103. 

Cathedral Building, 82 a, 127 b. 

Cathedral of the Holy Cross, 94 b. 

Cathedral, Old, 82 a, 85. 

Central Burying-Ground, 28. 

Central Church, 40. 

Central Club, 99. 

Central District, 53. 

Channing, W. E.,39. 

Charles River Basin, 50. 

Charlestown, 122. 

Chauncy-Hall School, 48. 

Chelsea Highlands, 135. 

Chester Square, 91. 

Chestnut Hill Reservoir, 119. 

Christ Church, 20. 

Churches, Old, 4. 

Church-Street District, 52. 

City Hall, 57. 

City Hospital, 96. 

City Point, 134. 

Columbus Avenue, 94, 134 

Commercial Development, 3, 8. 

Commercial Street, 11. 

Common, Boundaries of, 27. 

Common, History of, 25. 

Commonwealth Avenue, 37, 42/ 

Commonwealth Hotel, 94. 

Congregational JIe:id-<iuarters, 42/ 

Consumptives' Home, 116. 

Copp's Hill, 16. 

Corey's Hill, 134. 

Cornhill, 11. 



INDEX TO TEXT. 



141 



Court House, 62. 
Court Street, 21. 
Cradle of Liberty, 11. 
Custom House, 58. 

Dedham, 94 a. 
Dorchester, 110,115, 132. 
Dorchester Heights, 6, 7, 134. 
Doric Hall, 24. 

East Boston, 111. 

Eastern Railroad Station, 14. 

Elevator, B. & A. R. R., 112. 

Eliot's Grave, 94 a. 

Eliot Square, 113. 

Kim, The Old, 26, 27. 

Embargo, The, 7. 

Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 42 c. 

Emmanuel Church, 42 b. 

Episcopalians, 64. 

Equitable Building, 82 c. 

Ether Monument, 32. 

Everett, Statue of Edward, 24, 32. 

Fairbanks, Brown & Co., 82 d. 

Faneuil Hall, 11. 

Federal Street, 38. 

Fire, The Great, 55, 61, 82 

First Church, 4, 38. 

First Church in Roxburv, 113. 

First Printing-Press, 127 b. 

Fitchburg Railroad Station, 14. 

Foreigners, 71 c. 

Forest-Hills Cemetery, 121, 133. 

Fort Hill, 23, 55. 

Fortifications, Old, 94 a. 

Fort Independence, 103. 

Fort Warren, 104. 

Fort Winthrop, 103. 

Franklin, Birthplace of Benjamin, 4, 72. 

Franklin, Statue of, 58. 

Franklin Building, 84. 

Franklin Street, 84. 

French, Abram, & Co., 82 c. 

Frog Pond, 28. 

General Theological Library, 43. 

George's Island, 104. 

Girls' High and Normal School, 92. 

Globe, The Daily, 72. 

Globe Theatre, 69. 

Glover, Statue of Gen. , 42 c. 

Government of Harvard, 125. 

Governor's Island, 103 

Granary Burying-Ground, 33. 

Grand Junction Railway, 111. 

Grove Hall, 116, 132. 

Hancock House, Old, 35. 
Hancock's Tomb, 34. 
Harbor of Boston, 102, 138. 
Harvard College, 4, 124. 
Harvard College Library, 127. 
Harvard Church, 131, 134. 
Haymarket Square, 15. 
Ileliotype Printing Co., 82 b. 
High School, New, 94 a. 
HoUis-Street Church, 94 a. 
Holy Trinity, Church of, 94 a. 
Horse-Car Routes, 132, 138. 
Horticultural Hall, 75. 
Hotel Boylston, 93. 
Hotel Brunswick, 42 e. 



Hotel Pelham, 93. 

Hotel -rates, 137. 

Houghton, Osgood & Co., 78, 82 a. 

Huguenot Church, 43. 

Hull, 102. 

Huntington Avenue, 42 e. 

Immaculate Conception, Church of the, 95. 
Independence Square, 134. 

Jamaica Plain , 133. 
Jamaica Pond, 120, 121. 
Johnson, Isaac, 1, 43. 
Jones, McDuffee & Stratton, 83. 
Jordan, Marsh & Co., 77. 
Journal, The Boston, 74. 

King's Chapel, 64. 
Kissing as a Crime, 3. 

Latin School, Old, 43. 
Liberty Tree, 70. 
Lighthouse, Bostor*, 105. 
Lind, Jenny, 14. 
Longfellow's House, 128. 
Long Island, 106. 
Long Path, 30. 
Long Wharf, 59. 
Lowell Railroad Station, 15. 

MacuUar, Williams & Parker, 79. 

Made Land, 10, 31, 36. 

Malcolm, Capt., 17. 

Malls, 29. 

Manifesto Church, 19. 

Maolis Gardens, 108. 

Mason & Hamlin, 77. 

Masonic Temple, 71. 

Masonic Temple, Old, 62. 

Massachusetts Charitable Mechanic Association, 

18, 75. 
Massachusetts General Hospital, 13. 
Massachusetts Historical Society, 42/. 
Massachusetts Spy, 5. 
Mathers, The, 17,42 c. 
Meeting-House Hill, 116, 133. 
Memorial Hall, 127 a. 
Mercantile Savings Institution, 80. 
Methodist Church, Tremont-St., 96. 
Military Record of Boston, 6-8. 
Mill, Old Wayside, 135. 
Milton Hill, 132. 
Milton Lower Mills, 132. 
Miuot's Ledge, 109. 
Mount Auburn, 129. 
Mount-Vernon Church, 40. 
Municipal Annexations, 10. 
Murray, Rev. W. H. H., 40. 
Museum of Fine Arts, 42 c. 
Music Hall , 66. 
Mutual Life Insurance Building, 81. 

Nahant,108. 

Nantasket Beach, 102. 

Natural-History Museum, 46. 

Navy Yard, 123. 

Neck, The, 94 a. 

New-England Historic Genealogical Society, 42/. 

New-England Mutual Life Insurance Building, 81. 

New Old South Church, 42 b. 

Newspaper, First American, 4. 

New Washington Street, 22. 

New York & Boston Despatch, 82 h. 



142 



INDEX TO TEXT. 



Nix's Mate, 107. 
Nomenclature of Streets, 37. 
Norfolk House, 113. 
North Burying-Ground, 16. 
North End, 11. 

Ocean Street, 132. 

Odd-Fellows' Hall, 97. 

Old Colony Railroad, 100. 

Old Corner Bookstore, 78, 79. 

Old House in Dock Square, 6. 

Old South Church, 63. 

Old State House, 5. 

Old-Time Visitors, 3. 

Orsan, The Great, 67. 

Our Lady of Perpetual Help, Church of, 133. 

Paddock Elms, 34. 

Paddy, Epitaph on Wm. , 65. 

Paine Memorial Hall, 94 a 

Parker House, 85. 

Parker Memorial Hall, 94 a. 

Park-Street Church, 40. * 

Peniberton Square, 23. 

Perkins Institution for the Blind, 110. 

Pilot, The Boston, 71 c. 

Point Shirley, 108. 

Population in 1674, 2, 

Population in Later Periods, 8. 

Population, Elements of, 71 c. 

Post-Ofiice, 59. 

Prang's Art-Publications, 114. 

Pre-scotfs House, 36. 

Printing-Presses, Early, 127 b. 

Protestant-Episcopal Theological School, 127 a. 

Providence Railroad Station, 51. 

Province House, 71 d. 

Public Garden, 30. 

Public Library, 44. 

Quincy Market, 12, 
Quincy Road, 132. 

Rand, Avery & Co., 84. 
Restaurants, 137. 
Revere Beach. 1.34. 
Revere House, 18. 
Riverside Press, 82 b, 127 a. 
Roman Catholics, 85, 95. 
Roxbury, 110. 

St. James Hotel, 93. 

St. Mary's Church, 22. 

St. Paul's Chufch, 63. 

Savin Hill, 133. 

Scollay Square, 21. 

Sears Building, 79. 

Second Church, 42 c. 

Shawmut Avenue, 94 a. 

Shawmut Church, 94 a. 

Shepard Memorial Church, 127 a. 

Soldiers' Monument, 28 a. 

Somerset Club, 49. 

South Boston, 110, 132, 134. 

South End, 89. 



Spectacle Island, 102. 

Stand-Pipe, 113. 

State House, 24. 

State Library, 43. 

State Street, 55. 

State-Street Block, 86. 

Statue of Governor Andrew, 24. 

" Edward Everett, 24, 32. 

" Benjamin Franklin, 58. 

" Gen. Glover, 42 p. 

" Alexander Hamilton, 37- 

" Horace Mann, 24. 

" Washington (Chan trey's), 24. 

" Washington (Equestrian), 32. 

" Webster, 24. 
Studio Building, 76. 
Sub-Treasurv, 60. 
Suburban Rides, 132. 

Tabernacle, 94 a. 
Taft's, 108. 
Tea-Party, 5. 

Technology, Institute of, 47. 
Theatres, 68-70. 
Thompson's Island, 102. 
Ticknor Mansion, 35. 
Transcript, Boston Evening, 73. 
Traveller, Evening, 74. 
TremontHou.se, 52. 
Tremont Row, 43. 
Tremont Street, 94 a. 
Tremont Temple, 66. 
Trimountaiue, 1, 23. 
Trinity Church, 41. 

Union Boat-Club, 50. 

Union Church, 94. 

Union Club, 49. 

Union Freight Railway, 87. 

U. S. Court House, 62. 

U. S. Marine Hospital, 124. 

University Press, 127 b. 

Valuation, 8. 
Venus, Statue of, 32. 

Warren Mansion, 114. 
Warren Tomb, 122. 
Warren, S. D., & Co., 82 6. 
Washington Elm, 128. 
Washington Market, 97. 
Washington Statues, 24, 32. 
Washington Street, 22, 94 a. 
Water-Works,28,117. 
West Chester Park, 94. 
West End, 23. 
Wharves, 86, 87. 
White, R. H., & Go's., 71 a. 
Whitney's Dining-Rooms, 82 c. 
Winter Hill, 135. 
Winthrop, Gov., 65, 71. 
Winthrop Square, 82 c. 

Young Men's Christian Association, 71 b. 
Young Men's Christian Union, 71 b. 







iBlR^^S^ 




u 



AMERICAN" 



BOSTON. 



CENTRALLY LOCATED. 

CONVENIENT FOR BUSINESS OR PLEASURE. 

SUITES AND SINGLE APARTMENTS, WITH BATHING AND WATER- 
CONVENIENCES ADJOINING. 
PARTICULARLY DESIRABLE FOR FAMILIES AND SUMMER TOURISTS. 
PASSENGER ELEVATOR IN CONSTANT OPERATION. 

READING-ROOM, BILLIARD-HALLS, AND TELEGRAPH OFFICE. 

PRICES REDUCED. 



Lewis Rice & Son. 



56 Hanover Street. 



TMK BOSTON HERALD BUILDING 



THE BOSTON HERALD, 

the elegant new quarters of which appear on the opposite page, is 
fully entitled to be called the leading newspaper of New England, for 
notwithstanding its very large and wide-spread circulation, it is deserv- 
edly noted for its enterprise and energy in the collection of news. In 
fact it takes the lead of all other papers in the Eastern States in this 
particular, and all persons resort to it as the source of the most thor- 
ough information upon all current topics and affairs of immediate in- 
terest. And not only do its news columns merit praise, but also its 
editorials, which are invariably upright and independent, and in accord- 
ance with the praiseworthy standard of the paper. All subjects are 
treated in a rattonal, common-sense manner, and the frank style in 
which its editorials are written gives immediate evidence of the honesty 
of the writers. 

The new building, which is represented here, was commenced in 
April, 1877, and was formally occupied on the 9th of February, 1878. 
It is not exaggerating in the least to say that there is no finer news- 
paper establishment in the world ; it contains each and every possible 
convenience for the proper transaction of the newspaper business, some 
of which are original with its proprietors, and the elegance and taste 
displayed in the ornamentation are indeed pleasing to behold. 

The circulation of the daily edition is 100,000 Copies, and that 
of the Sunday issue is over 75,000 Copies. The publishers and 
proprietors are Messrs. R. M. Pulsifer & Co. 



C. A. RICHARDS, Pres't. H. R. HARDING, Sec'y. 

CHAS. BOARDMAN, Treas'r. M. S. STARKWEATHER, Sup't. 



Metropolitan Railroad Co. 



The equipment of the above Company consists, in part, of nearly 400 cars, both 
open and closed, — most of them of new and elegant style, — and upwards of 2,000 
horses, and it is prepared to accommodate public travel in the best and cheapest 
manner. 

Cars will be at the steam railroad depots — the Fitchburg, Eastern, Lowell, Bos- 
ton and Maine, Providence, and Kevere Beach, — to convey passengers to nearly all 
parts of the city. They will also pass near the Boston and Albany and Old Colony 
depots. Besides the direct accommodation afforded hy these cars, transfer checks 
will (if asked for when the fare is paid) be furnished to passengers (on payment of 
six cents, cash, in all) desiring an additional ride, on the same day, to points not 
reached by the car first entered. These checks are good to the Back Bay district 
(Art Museum, Institute of Technology, Mechanics' Exhibition, Churches, etc.,) or to 
Dorchester, Forest Hills, Jamaica Plain, Brookline, or Atlantic Avenue (Revere 
Beach depot and harbor boats). 

The cars of the company pass or go near the principal hotels and places of amuse- 
ment, and the largest dry-goods, millinery, and jewelry establishments. 

Strangers in Boston 

will find them the most inexpensive, convenient, expeditious, and agreeable means 
of visiting points of interest, whether within the city limits, or beyond. On some 
of the lines passengers are conveyed five, six, and even seven miles, for a fare not 
exceeding six cents. Tickets, good for one ride, are sold at the rate of five for twenty- 
five cents. None but polite, experienced, and competent men are emj)loyed, and 
each servant of the company is expected to do his duty in a civil and obliging 
manner. 



BOSTON EVENING TRANSCRIPT 

Q^iarto Sheet. 




THE BOSTON EVENING TRANSCRIPT 

Is publisJied Daily at 324 TVashington, corner 3Iilk Street, 

Boston, 

And contains all the News. It appears as a quarto, or eight-page paper, containing fifty-six columns. 
THE LAKGEST DAILY SHEET IN NEW ENGLAND. 

Subscription Rates. — Daily, $9; by mail, $10 per year; Weekly, including postage, $ 2 per year. 

THE WEEKLY TRANSCRIPT, 

Pnhlished Tuesday Mornitig, is unexcelled as a family paper. 

) One Copy one year 8 pages $'2.00 

CliUB KATES. > Five Copies one year (to one address) " 7..'i0 

) Eleven Copies '"' " <« 15.00 

Making it the CHEAPEST JPA.PEJR in the country. Send for a Specimen Copy. 




If i ■! s \m 



m»k 



THE 



TREMONT HOUSE, 

Cor. Beacon and Tremont Streets, 

BOSTON, 

Conceded to be the most eligibly located of any hotel in Boston, has 
long been known to the travelling public as a First-Class Hotel in every 
particular. Under its present management it has undergone thorough 
renovation, many improvements have been made, and the public may be 
assured that under the new management its former high reputation 
and standing will be more than maintained. 

CHAPIN, GURNEY, & CO., 

Proprietors. 




REVERE HOUSE, 

Bowdoin Square^ 

BosTOisr. 

This noted Hotel has recently been thoroughly modernized and 
thoroughly renovated. Stebhins's safety passenger-elevator, suites of 
rooms for famUies, with water, bathing-rooms, etc., now offer unsur- 
passed accommodations for travellers. 

The "Revere" has always been celebrated for its table and the 
attention paid its guests. Its high reputation in these particulars 
will be maintained. 

CHAPIN, GURNEY, & CO., 

Proprietors. 



THE 



BOSTON DAILY ADVERTISER, 



29 Court Steeet, Boston. 



TERMS : 

The subscription price of the Daily Advertiser is $ 12 per annum. To clubs of 
five and under twenty, to one address, the price is $ 9.50 per copy. To clubs of twenty 
and upwards, the price is $ 9 per copy. 

The subscription price of the Semi-Weekly Advertiser is $ 4 per year. 

The subscription price of the Weekly Advertiser is $2 per year. To clubs of 10 
and upwards the price is $ 1.50 percopy. 

Address jj. F. WATERS, Treasurer, 

BOSTON DAILY ADVERTISER, 

39 Court Street, Boston. 



Boston Museum. 



MANAGER MR. R. M. FIELD. 

1^^ The Boston Museum was establislied in 1841, and removed to the present building, 
constructed especially for it, in 1845. Remodelled in 1867, and again in 1872, conforming 
now in its auditorium to the most elegant comedy theatres in the world. 

Here may be witnessed the 

Best Dramatic Entertainments, 

with a constant and unfailing supply of novelties, 

EVERY EVENING 

AND ON 

WEDNESDAY AND SATURDAY AFTERNOONS, 

in which appear the 

Largest and Most Popular Stock Company 

to be found in the United States. 

J8^ The splendid Hall of Statuary, Paintings, etc., is open from 8 A. M. 
to 10 P. M. daily. 



FIRE AND MARINE 

INSURANCE. 

Office : cor. of State and Devonshire Sts. 



THE DELAWARE MUTUAL SAFETY INS. CO., 

OF PHILADELPHIA. 

THE MERCANTILE MUTUAL INS. CO., 

— AND — 

THE MERCANTILE FIRE INSURANCE COMPANY, 

OF NEW YORK. 



W. V. HUTCHINGS & W. H. VINCENT. 



i 



iiiiiliillii&^^^^^^^^^ 




CHARLES A. SWEET & CO., 

BANKERS, 

40 STja.TE3 STUESEST. 



All issues of United States Government Bonds, Coupon 
or Registered, bought and sold. U. S. 5-20 Called Bonds 
bought, collected, and exchanged for other Governments, or 
first-class Municipal Securities ; also registered and coupon 
interest collected, and proceeds remitted for promptly. 
STOCKS, Bonds, and other securities bought and sold on 
commission. GOLD furnished in sums to suit for Duties. 
TOWN and CITY LOANS negotiated; and a choice 
assortment of Securities for the investment of TRUST 
FUNDS constantly on hand. 



CHARLES A. SWEET & CO., 

OL,D STAND OF 

BRE^^^STER, S^VEET, & CO., 
IVo. 40 State St.^ Boston. 



EQUITABLE SAFE DEPOSIT VAULTS. 




The most substantial and thoroughly pro- 
tected fire and burglar proof vaults in New 
England are those of the Equitable Safe 
Deposit Company, in the Equitable Build- 
ing , directly opiiosite the I*ost-Office mid 
Siib-Tredsury. 

Safes of liberal dimensions to receive 
certificates of stocks, bonds, deeds, bank 
notes, and other valuables are rented at 
the low rate of ten dollars per annum ; or 
not three cents per day. Larger ones of 
different sizes, from $15 to $100, accord- 
ing to capacity. 

Silver "Ware, Jewelry, Fine Clothing, &c., 
in trunks and packages stored at moderate 
prices. 

Every appliance for the convenient trans- 
action of business. 

Ladies' Department exclusive, and with 
every convenience. 



EQUITABLE BUILDING, BOSTON 



RICE, KENDALL, & CO., 



PAPER BIISRCHANTS, 



I>£AI.£KS IN 

Paper Manufacturers' Materials, 

FELTS, WIRES, &c., 
91 Federal Street^ ■ i Boston. 

THE "PEEmoraACE. 

The most Powerful, Economical, and Durable 
Furnace ever Manufactured. 

ENTIRELY FREE FROM GAS. 

MANUFACTURED BY THE 

HIGHLAND FOUNDRY COMPANY, 

SUCCESSORS TO PRATT & WENTWORTH, 



MANUFACTURERS OF 



Furnaces, Ranges, Stoves, Hollow Ware, etc. 

Office and Salesrooms, 87, 89, & 91 NORTH ST., 

MANUFACTORY, PYNCHON STREET, 
CHAS. C. WENTWORTH, Treas. J5v/D 1 V-flN . 



A NEW DEPARTURE 

FROM 

THE OLD TRACKS OF TRADE, 



THE 



Boston Commercial Bulletin, 

Established 1859, 

IS ACKNOWLEDGED TO BE THE 

BEIST PAPER OF ITS GLASS. 



In its FORTY LONG COLUMNS are weekly recorded 

Valuable News and Information for all who Buy, 
Sell, or Manufacture, 

WHICH CANNOT BE FOUND ELSEWHERE. 



IVIARKET REPORTS, not Merchants' Circulars or Sawdusty Quo- 
tations, but Current Prices and actual Transactions of Trade. 

IIVSURANCE NEWS, that should be read by all whose life or property 
is insured. 

The following features are ENTIRELY ORIGINAIi with the Bulletin: 

THE BUSI]\ESS CHAWGES of the United States. A weekly record 
of New Firms, Admissions, Withdrawals, Dissolutions, Failures, and Suspensions. The 
only paper in the United States that gives such a list. 

MAI^UFACTURIIVG NEWS of the United States, carefully classified 
and prepared. A complete Directory for the Manufacturer and Mechanic. 

THE GOSSIP OF TRADE. Interesting facts in regard to all de- 
scriptions of Merchandise, ~ where produced, made, bought, and sold, and what is the 
latest news of them. 

THE SPICE OF LIFE. A column of entirely original Lively and 
Humorous Reading. 

SPECIAI. ATTENTION IS ALSO GIVEN TO 

FREIGHT AND TRAVEL NEWS, MONEY MATTERS, Etc. 

OFFICE, BULLETIN BUILDING, 

275 "Washington Street, - - - Boston. 

CURTIS GUILD & CO., Proprietors. 



NEW ENGLAND CABINET ORGANS. 

Grandest in the World. 




MATCHLESS SN MELODY, VOLUME, AND BEAUTY. 

sacred and secular music they stand first among musical '°str?«^«°t^. , ^f. f,^"'^^^^' ^^5^^^^^ 
or music-hall, they have no equal. Their history is a record of invanable triumphs everywhere. «o 
?sitor to popular%esorts in Boston should fail to visit the spacious Yarerooms examine, ^a^^^^^^ 
these miracles of musical mechanism and magnificent cabinet-Nvork. They are m very great variety 
of styles and sizes. See and hear them once, and you will wish to have no other. 

NEW ENGLAND ORGAN COMPANY, 
Marble Building, 1299 Washington St, , Boston, 



L. Peang & Co., 

Art and Educational Publishers, 

BQm'QN, MAm.p 

beg to call the attention of the public to the varied exhibition of their 

publications at the 

FAIR OP THE MASS. MECHANICS' CHARITABLE ASSOCIATION, 

CONSISTING OP 

PRA:N^G'S AMERICAN CHROMOS. 

Fac-similes of the best Oil-Paintings and Water-Colors by American and foreign 
artists. 

PRANG'S ILLUMINATED CARDS. 

For Christmas and New- Year, for Reward Cards, for Birthday Congratulation 
Cards, for Business and Advei'tising Cards, etc. 

PRANG'S ART-EDUCATIONAL PUBLICATIONS. 

Prof. Walter Smith's Text-Books of Art-Education, for PubHc Schools; Water- 
color Studies, Parallel of Historical Ornament, Plant-Forms, Industrial Drawing 
Plates, Examples for Stump Drawing, Examples for Crayon Drawing, etc., etc., 
for Evening Schools, Technical Schools, Art-Schools, etc. 

PRANG'S BOOK PUBLICATIONS. 

Prang's " Standard Alphabets," the latest, best, and most complete work on the 

subject. 
Prof. F. 0. Hayden's "Yellowstone National Park," Illustrated by Thomas 

MoRAN, a truly national work, devoted to the most wonderful scenery to be found 

within the limits of the United States. 
Prof. Thomas Meehan's " Native Flowers and Ferns of the United States," the 

cheapest and most valuable book on this subject ever published. 



L. Prang & Co.'s Art Publications are recognized as the best of their class wherever 
they are known, and have received the highest awards at all the World's Fairs at which 
they have been exhibited. The best evidence of their striking merit and great popularity 
is to be found in the fiict that their sale in foreign countries is rapidly increasing. 

li. Prang & Co.'s EDUCATIONAL EXHIBIT will be found in Room 3, 
Section K, in the School Building on Tennyson Street, and the ART 
EXHIBIT is on the first floor of the Art Annex. 

L. PRANG & CO., 286 Roxbury St., Boston. 



Agent for Great Britain, 

ARTHUR ACKERMAN, 

191 Regent Street, London 

Agent for the Continent of Europe, 
CARL HERM. MEYER, 

104 Leipziger Strasse, Berlin. 



Agents for India, 

HOWE, GOODWIN, & COLE, Calcutta. 

Agent for West Coast, Soath America, 

GEO. WINSOR, Valparaiso, Chili. 

Agent for Australia and NeTV Zealand, 
P. E. REYNOLDS, Melbourne and Sidney. 



Catalogues mailed free to any address. Catalogues may also be had at the Fair. 



The Old Corner Bookstore, 

(Illustration on page 79.) 



The quaint " Old Corner Bookstore," corner of Washington and School Streets, now occupied by 
A. WILLIAMS & CO., has for many generations been noted as a Favorite Resort for authors and 
literary people. 

The estate was once owned by Mr. WilUam Hutchinson, husband of the famous Ann, by whom it 
was purchased in 1639. During the next century it changed hands several times, the buildings upon 
it being burned in the great fire of 1711. The present brick structure was erected in 1712, and was 
used for various purposes until- 1828, when Messrs. Carter & Hendee opened the front part as a book- 
store. The following named firms have since occupied the Old Corner : W. D. Ticknor & Co., Ticknor 
& Fields, E. P. Button & Co., and A. Williams & Co. The interior has been much changed and en- 
larged to accommodate the increasing business of the present occupants, and it is now more attractive 
than ever before, with its fine display of Books, Periodicals, and Heliotype Engravings. Messrs. A. W. 
& Co. transact a very large business with public and private libraries. This store is well worthy a 
visit, both for its interesting historical associations and for the inducements and advantages offered to 
purchasers of Popular and Standard Volumes. The upper stories still retain their original form, re- 
minding one of the Boston of early days. Surrounded as it is by buildings of a comparatively recent 
style of architecture, the Old Bookstore, with its ancient exterior and modern interior, forms one of 
the most interesting objects to be found in the City limits. The " Old Corner," which for fifty years 
has been the resort of the literati of this and other countries, has also become one of the landmarks 
to strangers visiting Boston. 



Standard and Popular Books. 



Every person who wishes to add to his library books of present interest and permanent value— Nov- 
els, Stories, Travel Sketches, Essays, Poetry, Biography, History, Philosophy, Religion, Art — is 
requested to send to Houghton, Osgood & Company, for their 

NEW DESCRIPTIVE CATALOGUE, 

which describes all their publications, in Literature, Medicine, Law, Theology, Architecture, giving 
the different styles of binding, prices, and critical opinions from the best judges. 

H. , 0. & Co.'s Catalogue embraces the writings of Agassiz, Aldrich, Hans Christian Andersen, Bacon, 
the British Poets from Chaucer to Tennyson, Bryant's Homer, Carlyle, Alice and Phoebe Cary, James 
Freeman Clarke, Joseph Cook, Cooper, Dana, De Quincey, Mrs. Diaz, Dickens, Emerson, Fields, Fiske, 
Goethe's Faust, Bret Harte, Hawthorne, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Howells, Thomas Hughes, Henry 
James, Mrs. Jameson, Starr King, Miss Larcom, Longfellow, Lowell, Macaulay, Owen Meredith, 
Montaigne, Parton, Pascal, Miss E. S. Phelps, Adelaide Procter, Saxe, Sir Walter Scott, Scudder, 
Stedman, Mrs. Stowe, Sweetser, Bayard Taylor, Tennyson, Mrs. Thaxter, Thoreau, Ticknor, Colonel 
Waring, Warner, Webster's Dictionaries, Mrs Whitney, Whittier, and hundreds of other writers. 

^^ Catalogues sent to any address on receipt of 10 cents, 

HOUGHTON, OSGOOD & COMPANY, Publishers, 

230 Devonshire Street, Boston. 



WHOLESALE AND HETAIL. 

JONES, McDUFFEE, & STRAHON, 

IMPORTERS OF THE 

Pottery and Grlassixrare 

OF ALL COUNTRIES. 

ALL GRADES, FROM THE COMMONEST WARE TO THE RICHEST SPECIMENS. 
51 to 59 Federal Street, 

Corner of Franklin, BOSTON. 

(H^^ Illustration on page 83. 

HOLLIS & SNOW, 

Fire and Marine Insurance, 

35 KILBY STREET, 

J.EDWARD HOLLIS, (Formerly Ellison, HoUis, & Co.) "Rr^GlT'/^lNJ" 

E. G. SNOW, Jr. -DV^i^ X V^X>I . 

AGENTS FOR THE FOLLOWING: 

HOME INSURANCE CO NEW YORK. 

CITIZENS' INSURANCE CO NEW YORK. 

PHCENIX INSURANCE CO HARTFORD, CT. 

GERM AN- AMERICAN INSURANCE CO NEW YORK. 

GUARDIAN INSURANCE CO LONDON. 

NATIONAL FIRE INSURANCE CO BALTIMORE, MD. 



WILLIAM J. DANA, 

Desipfning: J^jpyhr^^ 30 

Franklin Street, 

BOSTON, 



AND 



Wood 
Engraving. 




MASS. 



Houghton, Osgood, & Co. 
Rand, Avery, & Co. 
Lee & Shepard. 
Estes & Lauriat. 
A. V, S. Anthony. 
L. Prang & Co. 



HEFERENCJES, 

A. Mudge & Son. 
Henry Hoyt. 
D. Lothrop & Co. 
Dennison M'fg. Co. 
C. J. Peters & Son. 
Boston Type Foundry. 



Phelps, Dalton, & Co. 
New Eng. Type Foundry Co. 
Douglas Axe M'fg. Co. 
C. A. Hack & Son, Taunton. 
Chas. P. Squires & Co., Burling- 
ton, Iowa. 




Ihi lii ill m IB 



LOVEJOY & FOWLE, 

IMPORTERS & RETAILERS 

OF 

CARPETMS, 

OIL CLOTHS^ 

AND 

MATTINGS. 

178 «£ 179 Tremont St>^ Boston. 




547 VIASlllNaTON STREET. 

GAS FIXTURE MANUFACTURERS. 

-•- — - — 

We would respectfully call attention to our well-selected assortment of 

GAS FIXTURES 

Being Manufacturers, we offer GREATER INDUCEMENTS to purchasers than any other 
parties in our line of business. 



Designed expressly for 

Churches, Halls, Masonic, and Odd Fellows' Buildings 

At extremely low prices.. 



We have constantly on hand a great variety of 

BRONZE STATUETTES, GROUPS, CARD RECEIVERS, 
VASES, MATCH-BOXES, &G. 



KEROSENE FIXTURES, 

French Clocks, American Clocks, 

French and American Gas Table-Lamps. 

GAS STOVES FOR HEATING AND COOKING. 

(J^^* Call and examine our stock and prices before purchasing. 



R. HOLUNGS & CO., 

547 IVashing^toii Street, Boston. 

(second door south of boston theatre.) 
FACTORY . . No. 14 BEVERLY STREET. 



THE BRUNSWICK. 



ii 







BOYLSTON ST., CORNER OF CLARENDON 



- 3 -^ 



to *> 



BOSTON. 



^ - 3 
a 

I 

> 



AUGUST 20, 1878. 



THE MUTUAIi 

Life Insurance Company 

OF 

IffSVir YORK. 



FREDERICK S. WINSTON, President, 



Office, ... 144 Broadway, cor. Liberty St., New York. 



Assets, $85,000,000. 



EICHARD A. McCURDY, R. A. GRANNISS, 

Vice-President. Second Vice-President. 

O. H. PALMER, Solicitor. 

ISAAC F. LLOYD, W. H. C. BARTLETT, LL. D., 

Secretary. Actuary. 

G. S. WINSTON, ) 

WALTER R. GILLETTE,! ^^*'*'^*^''^"'*"^'''* 

AMOS D. SMITH, 3d, - - - - General Agent. 



OFFICE, 

Company's Building, - - 95 Milk Street, 

CORNER OF PEARL, BOSTON. 

{Illustration of Neiv Building on page 81.) 



NEW ENGLAND 

MUTUAL 

Life Insurance Co., 



statement lor the Year ending Dec. 31, 1877. 

Total Income $2,862,282.02 

Total disbursements for death claims, endowments, distribu- 
tions of surplus, etc 2,437,100.26 

Total cash assets, as per Insurance Commissioner's Report 14,466,920.53 

Total surplus, " " " 1,621,078.63 

New Policies issued, 1,871. Terminated, 1,665. 



THE DIRECTORS' AISNUAL REPORT, 

Containing a detailed statement, together with the results of the Investigation of the Insurance 
Commissioner of Massachusetts, can be obtained at the 

OFFICE OF THE COMPANY, 

FOST-OFFICE SQXJ-ARE. 



BENJ. P. STEVENS, President. 
JOS. M. GIBBENS, Secretary. 



THE 

Heliotype Printing Company 

Desires to draw attention to its facilities for the reproduction, by the best existing methods, 
of all classes of 

ART AND COMMERCIAL WORK. 

ITS SPECIALTIES AHE 

HELIOTYPE, 

For the reproduction of all classes of PHOTOGRAPHIC subjects in printers' ink, on 
the printing-press. 

PHOTO-LITHOGRAPHY, 

For the reproduction of subjects IN LINE ONLY, which are transferred to stone, 
and printed either by hand or steam power. 

RELIEF PLATES, 

TO PRINT WITH TYPE, produced from subjects IN LINE ONLY. These may 
be electrotyped or stereotyped, and set up and treated in all respects as ordinary 
wood-cuts. 

DIRECT TRANSFER, 

A method by which all matter in writing-ink (we supply the most suitable ink free), 
on writing-paper, is transferred to and printed from stone or made into cuts for 
printing with type. 
This method is cheap and rapid, and is especially suited for the reproduction of 

Fac- simile Letters, 
Plans, 

Designs, 

Comic Sketches, 

AND FOR NEWSPAPER WORK. 

It is entirely diffiarent from the ordinary lithographic method, where a special ink and 

paper has to be used. 



For all further inforrixation address 

THE HELIOTYPE PRINTING COMPANY, 
220 Devonshire Street, 



BOSTON, MASS. 



THE BOSTON POST. 



The leading commercial paper in New England. 
READABLE, RACY, RELIABLE. 



&£ cavt/itete Q^yew^d/ia/ie^ €?i ei^e^^ ^e4/iec^. 



H^r^ The best and most effective adver- 
tising medium in Boston. 

POST PUBLISHING CO., Proprietors, 

POST BIJILDTNO, 

Milk Street, Boston. 

S. D. WAEEEN & CO., 

PAPER MANUFACTURERS, 

220 Devonshire & 113 Franklin Streets, 

BOSTON. 



MANUFACTURERS AND DEALERS IN 



EVERY VARIETY OF PRINTING PAPER. 



IMPORTERS AND DEALERS IN 



Foreign and Domestic Paper Stock. 



CUSHMAN & WIGHT'S 
POPULAR DRY AND FANCY GOODS 



ESTABLISHMENT 

IS SITUATED AT 



Nos. 37 and 39 Temple Place. 

■ — ■ •■♦- — 

Fifteen Large Departments are represented 
at this Store. 

STRICTLY ONE PRICE, AND FIRST-GLASS IN EVERY RESPECT, 
THEIR GREAT SPECIALTY. 



PARIS KID GL.OVES, for Ladies, Gentlemen, Misses, Boys, and Children. 

BRITISH, FRENCH, AND GERMAN HOSIERY, in all the very latest and 
most distingiiislied styles. 

RICH MILiLINERY GOODS, comprising all the very latest modes in Hats, Bonnets, Bonnet 
and Hat Frames, finest Paris Flowers, Veils, Silks, Paris Feathers, Scarfs, Crapes, Bouuet and 
Hat Ribbons, finest Black Flowers, Jet Goods, and everythins; pertaining to Fashionable Hat 
and Bonmt Trimming; this being a very extensive department, and very po/ii</ar with the 
ladies of Boston and vicinity. 

LiACES AND L,ACE GOODS, consisting of Real Lace Jackets, Lace Points, Lace Sacques, Lace 
Shawls, Parasol Covers, Web Laces, Trimming Laces in real thread, Valenciennes, Mechlin, the 
Duchess, Honiton, Brussels, Cluny, Yak, and Guipure Laces in all desirable widths. Buying 
directly from manufacturers we are enabled to present very loioest prices. 

DRES.S TRIMMINGS, comprising every requisite, in Braids, Gimps, Fringes, Buttons, together 
with Small Wares and Fancy Articles of every description, including elegant lines oi Jewelry, 
Ornaments for the hair, the neck, dress, etc., etc. 

THE DEPARTMENT OF LADIES' FURNISHING GOODS is complete in every par- 
ticular, — probably tliefint-st in Boston The underwear in this department is all manufactured 
by Cushmau & Wight, and consists of Nightdresses, Chemises, Drawers, Walking-Skirts, Train 
and demi-Train Skirts, Dressing-Sacques, WeddingOutfitsof Underwear, Infants' Underclothing, 
Infants' Cloaks, Robes, and all desirable articles in the line. 

CORSETS. French, English, and German Corsets. This department also is very extensive. Par- 
ticular attention by competent persons is given to every customer, and entire satisfaction guar- 
anteed. 

EMBROIDERIES. A Stock of over 100,000 yards of the finest quality of Hamburg Edgings and 
Insertion, Flouncings and French Bands, is kept constantly on hand in the retail department, 
and the reputation of the house for elegant styles need not be repeated. No better or finer 
goods can be found in the world The same with the Handkerchiefs, Collars and Cuffs, Sets, 
Sleeves, Lace Articles, Neckties, Scarfs, — latest Novelties constantly being opened. 

THE SPLENDID DEPARTMENT OF SUN-UMBRELLAS, Rain-Umbrellas, 
Parasols, Sunshades, etc., is almost a perfect store in itself. All persons, no matter 
what their station, can be suited in regard to price or quality. The variety from which to 
select is immense. 

The facilities of the firm are unsurpassed for obtaining Latest Novelties, 
most Fashionable and Seasonable Gooas; their prices INVARIABLY THE 
LOWEST TO BE OBTAINED. 



CUSHMAN & WIGHT'S 
POPULAR DRY AND FANCY GOODS ESTABLISHMENT, 

Nos. 37 & 39 Temple Place, Boston. 



FAIRBANKS' SCALES. 

Established 1830. 

The World^s Standard. 



World's Fair, London, . 

World's Fair, New York, 

World's Fair. Paris, . . 

World's Fair, Vienna, . 



THE ORIGINAL 



HIGHEST MEDALS AT 

1851 




World's Fair, Santiago, Chili, 1875 

World's Fair, Philadelphia, 1876 

World's Fair, Sydney,N.S.W. 1877 

World's Fair, Paris, . . . 1878 



THE GENUINE, THE ONLY RELIABLE SCALE. 

All made with the Latest and most Valuable Improvements. 

FAIRBANKS' 

HAY SCALES, FARMERS' SCALES, 

COAL SCALES, DAIRY SCALES, 

STOCK SCALES, FAMILY SCALES, 

GRAIN SCALES, STORE SCALES. 

FAIRBANKS' CELEBRATED NEW PATENT FISH SCALES 



Fairbanks' elegant NICKEL-PLATED Scales for Tea and 
Grrocery Stores. 

METRIC SCALES AND WEICHTS. 

Scales Adjusted to the Standards of all Nations. 

MANUFACTURED ONLY BY 

E. AND T. FAIRBANKS AND COMPANY, 

ST. JOHNSBURY, VT- 




AGENTS FOR 



Miles' Alarm Tills, or Safety Moiej-Drawers. 



THE TYPE-WRITER, 

Invaluable for L.a>vyer8, Authors, Merchants, or any hav- 
ing a large amount of -writing or correspondence. 



FAIRBANKS, BROWN, 8l CO., 

83 MILK ST. (cor. Congress St.), Post-Office Square, 



BOSTON. 



FAIRBANKS &. COMPANY, 

311 BROADWAY, NEW YORK. 



" Whoevei' would derive the most information, enjoyment, and satisfaction 
from travel, should always use the best guide-hoolcsy 



AMERICAN GUIDE-BOOKS. 



These books contain everything which the traveller Avants to knoAv in 
precisely the shape he Avants to have it."— J5o«<oh Journal, 



NE\N ENGLAND. 

A Guide to the Chief Cities and Popular Resorts of New England, and to its 
Scenery and Historic Attractions ; with the Western and Northern Borders, from 
New York to Quebec. With Six Maps and Eleven Plans. Fourth Edition $ 2.00 

THE MIDDLE STATES. 

(New York, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, and Delaware.) With the Northern 
Border from Niagara to Montreal. With Eight Maps and Fifteen Plans . . 2.00 

THE MARITIME PROVINCES. 

A Guide to the Chief Cities, Coasts, and Islands of the Maritime Provinces of 
Canada ; with the Gulf and River St. Lawrence, also Newfoundland and the 
Labrador Coast. With Four Maps and Four Plans 2.00 

THE WHITE MOUNTAINS. 

A Guide to the Peaks, Passes, and Ravines of the White Mountains of New 
Hampshire, and to the adjacent Railroads, Highways, and Villages ; with the 
Lakes and Mountains of Western Maine, also Lake Winnipesaukee and the 
Upper Connecticut Valley. With Maps of the White and Franconia Mountains, 
Western Maine, and the Lake Country of New Hampshire, and Panoramas of 
the Views from Mt. Washington, Mt. Kiarsarge, Mt. Pleasant (Maine), Mt. Pros- 
pect (Plymouth), Mt. Hayes, and Jefferson Hill 2.00 



" To say that the books are better than any American books of the sort that have hitherto appeared 
would be superfluous : there is no comparison to be made between them and their predecessors." — TAe 
Independent. 

" They supply the traveller, in addition to minute and careful directions as to every desirable route, 
with a fund of useful information which could not elsewhere be obtained without recourse to a multi- 
tude of books, and an expenditure of much time and pains. ^'> —Chicago Tribune. 

" Nothing better suited to the wants of the traveller could be desired than these neat, compact, porta- 
ble manuals. The information is minute to the satisfaction of the most curious, embracing every 
particular that is likely to awaken his interest. The maps and plans are beautifully executed." —CoZ- 
lege Courant (New Haven). 



*** For sale by all Booksellers. Sent, post-paid, on receipt of price by the Publishers, 

HOUGHTON, OSGOOD & CO., Boston. 



BOSTON TBimiEB 

(Daily, Semi-Weekly, and Weekly). 



FIVE EDITIONS EACH DAY. 



THE DAILY EVENING TRAVELLER began its career in April, 1845, and has for many years 
been one of the most widely circulated, successful, enterprising, and influential newspapers published 
in New England. It still continues under the control and management of its original founders, and, 
with increasing resources and facilities, answering, in correspondence with its success, the demands of 
an intelligent public, the management has endeavored to extend the influence and importance of the 
Traveller in a degree commensurate with its growing popularity. That these endeavors have been 
successful, the constant and unremitted increase of its circulation is sufficient proof As in the past, 
so at present, and always in the future, it will be the publishers' aim to fulfil all just expectations of 
a live and well-conducted journaL 

As a Newspaper the Traveller has unsurpassed facilities for the collection of fresh and readable 
accounts of all that transpires in this and foreign countries. Its corps of telegraphic correspondents 
and correspondents by letter is unsurpassed for ability and is unusually extensive. 

Its Correspondents are located in every city and town of importance in Massachusetts, and at the 
most available points throughout all New England, and many other States in the Union have Traveller 
representatives. The wires of one of the large telegraph companies of the country centre in the Trav- 
eler Counting- Room, thereby giving this paper unequalled advantages in the securing early telegraphic 
reports in Foreign countries. 

Its corps of Local Reporters and reporters in the immediate suburbs are able and thoroughly ener- 
getic, covering the field upon which they are employed completely. The news of the city and adjoining 
towns is furnished our readers at the earliest moment, with full details, and it is generally admitted 
that the Traveller is never " behind time " in furnishing careful reports of all local and suburban 
current events. 



The FiTC-o'cIock edition of the Evening Traveller is delivered by carriers in 
Boston and the suburbs for 75 CENTS A MONTH. 

Evening Traveller $9.00 per annum. 

Semi-Weekly Traveller . . . 3.00 " 

Weekly Traveller 1.50 " 

I.IBERAI. REDUCTIONS TO CLUBS. 



EOLAND WORTHINGTON & CO., 
TRAVELLER BUILDINGS, STATE STREET, BOSTON. 



Knight's Mechanical Dictionary. 

ARTICLES FOR MEN OF VARIOUS PROFESSIONS. 



For Manufacturers. Agricultural Implements, 491 ; Sewing Machines and At- 
tachments ; Stoves and Heating Appliances ; Plumbing and Sheet Metal Work and Tools, 42 ; 
Blacksmith's Tools and Appliances, 81 ; Bookbinder's Tools and Appliances, 81 ; Carriages and 
Vehicles ; Hoisting Machines ; Pyrotechnics, 49 ; Pottery and Clay, 152 ; Printing, 244 ; Presses 
107 i Pumps, 99 ; Pipes, 67 ; Paper, 202 ; etc., etc., etc. 

For Engineers. There are 280 Articles on Civil Engineering ; 619 on Hydraulic 
Engineering ; 197 on Railway Engineering ; 199 on Military Engineering. Also, valuable infor- 
mation on special subjects, such as Architecture and Masonry, 356 ; Bridges, 56; Compasses, 58; 
Calculating and Measuring Instruments, 153 : Docks, 9 ; Drafting Instruments and Appliances, 
104 ; Gauges, 98 ; Meters, 218 ; Micrometers, 24 ; and very many more. 

For Merchants. Articles on Cotton, Flax, Wool, Hemp, and Silk, 419 ; Fabrics, 
366 ; on Currier's Tools, 16 ; Saddlery and Harness, Tanning, Leather Tools, Machines and Appli- 
ances, 393 ; on Hardware : every Tool manufactured, and every Machine and Manufacturing 
Process in use ; under Domestic Appliances are 261 different articles. 

For Railroad Men. Railway Engineering and Plant, 197 ; Bridges, 59 ; Cars, 
22 ; Couplings, 96 ; Kails, 47 ; Signals, including Air Appliances ; Steam Engines and their Parts, 
Appliances, and Varieties. 

For Scientific Men. Astronomical Instmments, 35 ; Calculating and Measuring 
Instruments, 153 ; Compasses, 58 ; Gauges, 98 ; Gas Appliances, 80 ; words ending in " Graph,'''' 
73; Uorological, 103; Indicators, 10; Lenses, 45 ; Light and Photic Appliances , 135 ; Meters, 
218; Micrometers, 24 ; Metallurgy, 430; Mining Terms and Mining Appliances, 141 ; Optical In- 
struments, 170 ; Optical Toys, Scenes, and Effects, 47 ; and Implements, Appliances, and Instru- 
ments of Precision and Scientific Use of every kind. 

For La"wyers. There is a great magazine of reliable expert testimony,— see Spe- 
cific Indexes referring to several thousand Articles on Machines, Tools, Instruments, Chemical 
Processes, Mechanical Processes, Engineering in its various divisions, such as Civil, Railway, Hy- 
draulic, and Military. Full information regarding Mechanical Appliances in Science, Industry, 
and the Fine Arts ; also, a History of Inventions, giving dates and facts. 

For Navigators. Boats, 44 ; Compasses, 58 ; Docks, 9 ; Lights (and Photic Ap- 
pliances), 135 ; Nautical Appliances, 314; Nautical Blocks, 54; Propellers, 24 ; Riggings, Ropes, 
Sails, Shipwrighting, Signals, Vessels, Wheels, Anchors, etc. 

For Military Scientists. Armor ; Armor-Plated Vessels ; Batteries, 41 ; Fire- 
Arms, 52 ; Fortifications, 199 ; Projectiles, 52 ; Weapons and Accoutrements ; and all the endless 
array of general and specific terms of engineering, logistics, topography, warfare (offensive and 
defensive) by sea and land. 

For the Medical Profession. There are 500 articles on Surgical Instruments 
and Appliances ; 37 on Artificial and Prosthetic Appliances •, 184 on Electrical and Magnetical 
Appliances; 45 on Lenses: 170 on Optical Instruments : 10 on Baths ; 27 on Forceps, Specula, 
Syringes, etc. 

For Dentists. On Dental Apparatus and Appliances there are no less than && 
different Articles, with many illustrations. 

For Artists. Fine Arts, 157 ; Engraving, 81 ; Photography, 124. 

(The figures indicate the number of Articles given to the various general subjects.) 

The work cost $100,000 ; it treats of 20,000 subjects ; contains 7,200 engravings ; and its thi-ee vol- 
umes include 2,800 pages. It is, in fact, a mechanical and scientific library, brought down to the 
latest dat€s. A just estimate of the comprehensive nature of the work, and its importance to in- 
ventors, engineers, and artisans of every class, can only be gained by a careful examination of the 
volumes themselves. 

3 vols. 8vo. Price, in Clotli, $8.00; in Sheep, $9.00 ; and in Half Morocco, 

S 10.00 per Toluine. 



l^^^^ >^oJil hij .<iil>i<rn)>tion, or sent to any address on receipt of price by the Publishers, 

HOUGHTON, OSGOOD & CO., Boston. 



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DAILY (Sunday EXCEPTtD},AT5'30 P.M. 





LANDING PLACE AND WHARF IN NEW YORK: 

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